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The goal of this paper is to understand how the brain and memory processes are intertwined and how certain techniques can improve these processes. In an essay of 1,000-1,250 words, discuss how memories are formed and maintained in the brain through the actions of neural circuitry. Use at least four scholarly resources to address the following questions:

How are memories formed in the brain (using neural circuitry), and how are they maintained?
Given what we know about brain mechanisms in memory, are our memories accurate? Explain your answer using information on how memories are stored in the brain. Include an explanation of how working memory is similar to and different from long term memory.
How can knowledge of the brain and memory systems be used to help individuals suffering from memory problems (e.g., poor memory, amnesia, PTSD)?

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Sample Answer

How are memories formed in the brain (using neural circuitry), and how are they maintained?

Memories are formed in the brain through a process called neural plasticity. Nability eural plasticity is the of the brain to change and adapt in response to experience. When we learn something new, the connections between neurons in our brains are strengthened. These strengthened connections form the basis of our memories.

The process of memory formation can be divided into three stages: encoding, storage, and retrieval.

  • Encoding is the process of taking in new information and converting it into a form that can be stored in the brain. This process involves the hippocampus, a small structure in the medial temporal lobe. The hippocampus is responsible for creating new memories and linking them to existing memories.
  • Storage is the process of maintaining memories over time. Memories are stored in a distributed network of neurons throughout the brain. This network includes the hippocampus, as well as other areas of the brain such as the cortex and the amygdala.
  • Retrieval is the process of accessing memories from storage. Retrieval is often triggered by a cue, such as a smell, a sound, or a visual image. When a cue is encountered, it activates the network of neurons that stores the memory. This activation allows the memory to be brought back into consciousness.

Full Answer Section

Given what we know about brain mechanisms in memory, are our memories accurate?

Our memories are not always accurate. This is because the process of memory formation is not perfect. There are a number of factors that can distort our memories, including:

  • The way we encode information. The way we encode information can affect how we remember it. For example, if we are stressed or anxious when we learn something, we are more likely to remember it incorrectly.
  • The way we store information. The way we store information can also affect how we remember it. For example, if we store information in a fragmented way, we are more likely to forget it.
  • The way we retrieve information. The way we retrieve information can also affect how we remember it. For example, if we are distracted when we try to remember something, we are more likely to forget it.

How are working memory and long-term memory similar to and different from each other?

Working memory and long-term memory are two different types of memory. Working memory is a temporary storehouse for information that we are currently using. Long-term memory is a more permanent storehouse for information that we have learned or experienced.

The two types of memory are similar in that they both involve the hippocampus. The hippocampus is responsible for both encoding and storing memories. However, the two types of memory are also different in a number of ways.

  • Working memory is a short-term store of information, while long-term memory is a long-term store of information. Working memory can only hold a limited amount of information for a short period of time. Long-term memory, on the other hand, can hold a much larger amount of information for a much longer period of time.
  • Working memory is used to process information, while long-term memory is used to store information. Working memory is used to hold information that we are currently using to think, solve problems, and make decisions. Long-term memory, on the other hand, is used to store information that we have learned or experienced.

How can knowledge of the brain and memory systems be used to help individuals suffering from memory problems (e.g., poor memory, amnesia, PTSD)?

Knowledge of the brain and memory systems can be used to help individuals suffering from memory problems in a number of ways. For example, it can be used to develop new treatments for memory disorders. It can also be used to help individuals with memory problems to develop strategies to improve their memory.

For example, individuals with amnesia may benefit from treatments that focus on strengthening the connections between neurons in the hippocampus. Individuals with PTSD may benefit from treatments that focus on reducing the emotional intensity of traumatic memories.

In addition to developing new treatments, knowledge of the brain and memory systems can also be used to help individuals with memory problems to develop strategies to improve their memory. For example, individuals with poor memory may benefit from strategies such as:

  • Using mnemonic devices to help them remember information.
  • Repetition to help them learn new information.
  • Taking breaks when they are trying to remember something.
  • Creating associations between new information and existing memories.

Conclusion

The brain is a complex organ that is responsible for a wide range of functions, including memory. Memory is a complex process that involves the formation, storage, and retrieval of information. Knowledge of the brain and memory systems can be used to help individuals suffering from memory problems.

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