In one mode of operation, the autopilot of a jet transport is used to control altitude. For the
purpose of designing the altitude portion of the autopilot loop, only the long-period airplane
dynamics are important. Assume that the linearized relationship between altitude and elevator
angle for the long-period dynamics is
ðº(ð ) =
ð»(ð )
ð¿(ð )
250
ð (ð + 5)(ð + 50)
ft/sec
deg
The autopilot receives from the altimeter an electrical signal proportional to altitude. This signal
is compared with a command signal (proportional to the altitude selected by the pilot), and the
difference provides an error signal. The error signal is processed through compensation, and the
result is used to command the elevator actuators. A block diagram of this system is shown in figure
below. You have been given the task of analysing the frequency response and stability of this
system. Begin by considering a proportional control law D(s) = K.
- Draw a Bode plot of the open-loop system for D(s) = K = 1
- Find the approximate gain and phase margins of this system.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Güleser K. Demir
Asst. Prof. Dr. Hatice DoÄan
Sample Solution
The Court has often used the aforementioned principle of abuse of EU law as a tool with which to combat fraud in the form of denying rights relied on from the VAT Directive, where such rights are derived in cases of established tax fraud or where there has been a failure to comply with the conditions of good faith. Of particular interest to this paper is the extent to which a general principle may emerge, and whether the principle of prohibition of abuse of EU law may be regarded as a constitutional general principle of EU law. This will be done by examining the relevant case law of the Court and the recent trends, which, in the opinion of the author, confirm the notion that there is one general principle of abuse of EU law. Part I: The Notion of Abuse in EU law Early linguistic discrepancies notwithstanding, the author contends that there is indeed only one concept of abuse. This will be highlighted by the willingness of the Court to shore up the early, implied references to âabuseâ, and finally settle on terming it as such. 1 Prohibition of abuse as a judicial rule The principle of prohibition of abuse in EU case law is a recognised concept, which according to many enjoys the legal status of a general principle. At the beginning, it was applied in a fundamental freedom context and then in almost every field of law not only reserved to Union competence, but also to the extensive>
The Court has often used the aforementioned principle of abuse of EU law as a tool with which to combat fraud in the form of denying rights relied on from the VAT Directive, where such rights are derived in cases of established tax fraud or where there has been a failure to comply with the conditions of good faith. Of particular interest to this paper is the extent to which a general principle may emerge, and whether the principle of prohibition of abuse of EU law may be regarded as a constitutional general principle of EU law. This will be done by examining the relevant case law of the Court and the recent trends, which, in the opinion of the author, confirm the notion that there is one general principle of abuse of EU law. Part I: The Notion of Abuse in EU law Early linguistic discrepancies notwithstanding, the author contends that there is indeed only one concept of abuse. This will be highlighted by the willingness of the Court to shore up the early, implied references to âabuseâ, and finally settle on terming it as such. 1 Prohibition of abuse as a judicial rule The principle of prohibition of abuse in EU case law is a recognised concept, which according to many enjoys the legal status of a general principle. At the beginning, it was applied in a fundamental freedom context and then in almost every field of law not only reserved to Union competence, but also to the extensive>
