Management trends have grown and died at an increasingly rapid rate throughout the decade of the 1990s. Two that became popular in the late 1980s often have been labeled as failures by organizations that did not fully implement their principles or else did not take enough care in their planning so that it would be possible to fully implement the principles of the underlying philosophies. The latest twist is that both TQM and Business Process Engineering have value, and that the initiatives can coexist for the improvement of the organization and for enhancing its competitive advantage in its market, a primary directive in today’s increasingly competitive business climate. Individuals have often described quality as a philosophy and reengineering as a methodology. As is the case with most trends, organizations seem to want to chase after one, proclaim it failed before fully implementing it and certainly before allowing it time to become a part of the culture, and then chase off after another. The constant management trend chasing is demoralizing for the employees and costly for the organization in direct costs and the more indirect costs of momentarily sidetracked efficiency and productivity. Too often, there are no appreciable positive results. Nevertheless, businesses must keep working to identify those areas where change is needed and then implement changes in a well-managed method. Today’s business climate is more competitive than at any other time, and it is imperative that internal processes operate as efficiently as possible and that businesses produce the product their customers want. J. Edwards Deming himself stressed that though Total Quality Management focused on manufacturing and gaining statistical control of it, the customer was at the end of each assembly line diagram and constituted the single most important section of it. This point has been either ignored or obscured in many failed attempts to implement TQM.>