In their analysis of the development of criminology, Loader and Sparks (2011) refer to the âparadox of successful failureâ. With reference to relevant examples, critically discuss what they mean by this and whether criminology can be characterized in such a way (5,000 words)
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ain Effects Plot for SNR of material removal rate The main effects plot for S/N ratio of material removal rate versus pulse on , pulse off, wire speed and voltage are shown in fig.4.3.1, which is generate from the value of S/N ratio of material removal rate as per table in minitab-16 statistical software is useful to find out optimum parameter value for response variable. Fig.4.3.1 shows that higher material removal rate will meet at pulse on 110µs, pulse off 40µs, voltage 22 volt and wire speed 15 mm/sec. The graph generate by use of minitab-16 statistical software for material removal rate is shown in fig.4.3.1 Fig 4.3.1- Effect of control factor on material removal rate From the fig.4.3.1, it has been conclude that the optimum combination of each process parameter for higher material removal rate is meeting at high pulse on time [A2], low pulse off time [B1], low voltage [C1] and low wire speed [D4]. 4.3.2 Main Effects Plot for SNR of Surface roughness Fig.4.3.2 shows that lower Surface roughness will meet at pulse on time 90 µs, pulse off 70 µs, voltage 34 volt and wire speed 9 mm/sec From the fig.4.3.2, it has been conclude that the optimum combination of each process parameter for lower surface roughness is meeting at pulse on time [A1], pulse off time [B4], voltage [C4] and wire speed [D2]. Fig.4.3.2- Effect of control factor on Surface roughness 4.3.3 Main Effects Plot for SNR kerf width Fig.4.3.3 shows that lower kerf width will meet at pulse on time 90µs, pulse off 40µs, voltage 34 volt and wire speed 15 mm/sec. From the fig.4.3.3, it has been conclude that the optimum combination of each process parameter for lower kerf width is meeting at pulse on time [A1], pulse off time [B1], voltage [C4] and wire speed [D4]. Fig. 4.3.3- Effect of control factor on kerf width CHAPTER : 5 CONCLUSION Experimental investigation on wire electrical discharge machining of AISI52100 has been done using brass wire of 0.25mm. The following conclusions are made. 1. From the S/N ratio plot the optimum parameter settings for material removal rate at, ie. Ton = 110 µs, Toff = 40 µs, Voltage = 22 V and wire speed = 15 mm/sec. 2. It can also observed that Ton, Toff and Voltage is the most prominent factor affecting the Material removal rate.>
ain Effects Plot for SNR of material removal rate The main effects plot for S/N ratio of material removal rate versus pulse on , pulse off, wire speed and voltage are shown in fig.4.3.1, which is generate from the value of S/N ratio of material removal rate as per table in minitab-16 statistical software is useful to find out optimum parameter value for response variable. Fig.4.3.1 shows that higher material removal rate will meet at pulse on 110µs, pulse off 40µs, voltage 22 volt and wire speed 15 mm/sec. The graph generate by use of minitab-16 statistical software for material removal rate is shown in fig.4.3.1 Fig 4.3.1- Effect of control factor on material removal rate From the fig.4.3.1, it has been conclude that the optimum combination of each process parameter for higher material removal rate is meeting at high pulse on time [A2], low pulse off time [B1], low voltage [C1] and low wire speed [D4]. 4.3.2 Main Effects Plot for SNR of Surface roughness Fig.4.3.2 shows that lower Surface roughness will meet at pulse on time 90 µs, pulse off 70 µs, voltage 34 volt and wire speed 9 mm/sec From the fig.4.3.2, it has been conclude that the optimum combination of each process parameter for lower surface roughness is meeting at pulse on time [A1], pulse off time [B4], voltage [C4] and wire speed [D2]. Fig.4.3.2- Effect of control factor on Surface roughness 4.3.3 Main Effects Plot for SNR kerf width Fig.4.3.3 shows that lower kerf width will meet at pulse on time 90µs, pulse off 40µs, voltage 34 volt and wire speed 15 mm/sec. From the fig.4.3.3, it has been conclude that the optimum combination of each process parameter for lower kerf width is meeting at pulse on time [A1], pulse off time [B1], voltage [C4] and wire speed [D4]. Fig. 4.3.3- Effect of control factor on kerf width CHAPTER : 5 CONCLUSION Experimental investigation on wire electrical discharge machining of AISI52100 has been done using brass wire of 0.25mm. The following conclusions are made. 1. From the S/N ratio plot the optimum parameter settings for material removal rate at, ie. Ton = 110 µs, Toff = 40 µs, Voltage = 22 V and wire speed = 15 mm/sec. 2. It can also observed that Ton, Toff and Voltage is the most prominent factor affecting the Material removal rate.>
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