1. Describe the underlying pathology of COPD and the common pathological characteristics of the condition. Discuss the impact these pathological changes have on normal function, including how alveolar ventilation might be different in Mr Wenham compared to a normal individual. (20 marks)

2. Discuss why you would administer salbutamol and describe how it works at the cellular level. (10 marks)

3. Discuss why they would take an arterial blood gas and explain what the results mean and how they relate to the pathophysiology you described. (10 marks)

4. Overview the normal physiological control of breathing. Then, identify and discuss the issues surrounding the use of supplemental oxygen therapy in patients with severe exacerbations of COPD. What problems can it cause and why? (20 marks)

5. When considering his blood gas analysis, do you think it is a good idea to remove Mr Wenham’s oxygen and have him just breathing air? Provide an argument supporting why it is OR why it is not. (10 marks)

6. What is BiPAP? How might BiPAP help to improve Mr Wenham’s clinical condition? (10 marks)

7. What is spirometry? (5 marks)

8. Discuss the significance of the results by examining the differences between Mr Wenham’s spirometry and that of a normal individual. (10 marks)

9. How does the pathology of COPD explain these differences? (5 marks)

 

 

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