As for enterprises, Campbell (2005) states, that the main activity is on the land tenure transformation from communal to individual or group ownership through subdivision of group ranches. This has started in the 1960s policy of land adjudication when group ranches were implemented, and it was aimed at improving land management in rangelands. However, membership rights were given to male elders, and excluded women and younger people. Another expected outcome for enterprises from subdivision aspect is resulting it to the land sales as well as emerge of a land market, what is based on the existing informal land claims, and the history of the land market quick emergence on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro after adjudication in the 1960s (Campbell, 2000). Overall, Campbell (2000) claims that there would be winners and losers of this action, and enterprises are expected to be winners, as they they would be those who have already had claims on land and would benefit of opportunities from irrigated agriculture and wildlife-based tourism activity, what mostly refers to enterprises. Oppositely, wild-life managers supposedly have number of concerns about the outcomes of the subdivision as habitat fragmentation and disturbance of migration patterns, as well as water access and pollution and fencing, that will negatively affect wildlife and related tourism” (Campbell, 2000). Therefore they are promoting incentives to increase economic returns from wildlife to reduce these trends. National level policy on land adjudication and ownership reinforced sustained immigration that contributed to rapid population growth (Campbell, 2005). Although immigrant farmers have contributed to agricultural development, the extensive fences of coastal lands along rivers and around swamps has had a negative impact on wildlife’s access to water, causing changes in their distribution and movement. In 1977, one community denied permission of NGO to survey because a previous research group had failed to report back to the community the results of their study. Local communities had begun to use strategies of seeking accountability on the part of government and NGOs. In their relationships with researchers, many communities have insisted on forms of participation from the research community. By the end of the 1990s, participation in forums, at which local people could hear, discuss, and scrutinize the results of research was regularly demanded of researchers throughout Kenya. These community workshops have proven to be a significant method for comparing and contrasting the perspectives and understanding of issues held by local people and the research te>