We can work on Traffic Engineering

Description:
As a traffic engineer, you are assigned to evaluate the level of service of one intersection
near George Mason University Fairfax campus. The intersection is of Braddock Rd and the
Roberts Rd, and you can see the configuration of the intersection through Google Street Map
(https://www.google.com/maps/@38.8276404,-77.3008148,16.25z). One of your colleagues
went to the field and has collected the data using Jamar Counter (see Figure 2 at the end). The
data is summarized in Figure 1 below. Each arrow represents a unique turning movement (left,
through, and right) from each of the four approaches. For example, the south bound right has a
traffic volume of 97 veh/h.
Table 1 summarizes the current phase plan your colleague observed. It includes four phases
(E/W Left, E/W Through, N/S Left, and N/S Through) labeled in different colors. Although this
intersection is fully actuated and coordinated, for the practice, let us assume the current plan is a
fixed time plan with four phases.
Now, using this set of field data, you will first evaluate the level of service based on the current
phase plan observed by your colleague, and then resign it based on the Optimal Cycle length.
You will reevaluate the LOS under the new phase plan you design, and compare it with the
existing phase plan.
Figure 1: Traffic Data Collected at the Intersection.
Table 1: Current Phase Plan for the Intersection of Braddock Rd and Robert Rd.
Approach EB WB NB SB
Lane group LT T/R LT T/R LT T/R LT T/R
Effective Green (g) 12 133 12 133 15 34 15 34
Lost Time/phase 4
Total Lost Time 16
Cycle Length 210
Lab Tasks:
Field Observation

  1. Assuming all traffic are passenger vehicles and the driving population are commuters,
    convert the observed flow rate V into analysis flow rate v for different lane groups.
  2. Following the procedure of the textbook, evaluate the LOS of this intersection using
    collected data. Assume the saturation rate is 1800 veh/h/lane for through and right turning
    lanes and 1750 veh/h/lane for left turning lanes (or the lane shared by the through and left
    turning movements). In this problem, we assume that there is no standing queue at the
    beginning of the red phase and all traffic can go through the intersection within one cycle.
    You may apply the formula on page 255 for calculating d1 and you also need to consider
    d2 in this analysis. The best way to approach this problem is to organize all information
    in a table similar to Table 7.5.
    a) What are the effective green time (g) and red time (r) for each phase?
    b) What are the analysis flow rate for each lane group (from step 5)?
    c) What are the g/C ratio, lane group capacity c, and volume capacity ratio X (please do
    not confuse with flow ratio v/s (Y).
    d) What are the average delay per vehicle for each lane group (d1)?
    e) What are the average incremental delay per vehicle due to random arrival and
    occasional oversaturation in seconds (d2)? In this study, we analyze LOS by
    considering PHF. So T=0.25. We assume the intersection is pre-timed and take 0.5
    for delay adjustment factor k. We assume the arrival pattern following Poisson
    distribution and I=1.0. X is the v/c ratio for this lane group.
    f) What are the lane group LOSs?
    g) What are the average approach delays and approach LOSs?
    h) What is the average intersection delay and intersection LOS?
    Redesign the Intersection
  3. As a traffic engineering, you are going to re-design the intersection using the procedure
    in the textbook. First, apply the rules in the textbook to evaluate if a protected left turning
    phase is warranted for the left turn movement for both the North-South and the East-West
    directions.
  4. You would follow the approach in Table 7.5. Assuming the saturation rate is 1800
    veh/h/lane for through and right turning lanes and 1750 veh/h/lane for left turning lanes,
    determine the flow ratio for all movements.
  5. Assuming you do not change the phase plan, determine the critical lane groups and the
    corresponding flow ratio. Calculate the optical cycle length with necessary assumptions
    (ROUNDED UP to the nearest 5 seconds). Is it the same as the current plan?
  6. Determine the effective green length allocation. Is it the same as the current plan?
  7. Following the same approach, evaluate LOS if the intersection was using your phase
    plan. Summarize your analysis using a table similar to Table 7.5. Does it change the
    LOS?
    Discussions
  8. What are the factors that may help to explain the difference in LOS by using the existing
    plan and your phase plan?
    Template for Lab Report
    A standard lab report should include a brief discussion about the objective of your study and a
    detailed description of your approach. In this study, you need to describe both the data collection
    approach and the analysis method. The list of tasks serves as a template for analysis method. At
    the end, you need to summarize your findings and discuss the significance of your study. In this
    study, you are expected to answer the question in task 13.
    To make the report more succinct, please use graphs and tables whenever it is possible.
    Figure 2: Example of Observation Location

Sample Solution

The well known postmodernist novel Lolita, by Vladimir Nabokov, has been dependent upon much basic approval and debate encompassing the portrayal of the paedophilic connection between Humbert and Dolores Haze. The style of the novel, which uses a first individual confession booth design, is the voice of an imprisoned Humbert, speaking to an obscure jury and accommodating himself with what he thinks about the genuine form of occasions. This absence of dependability, hence, in what the culprit of these wrongdoings composes, implies that there are inward disparities just underscored by the attention in story on fascinating word decisions, the declaration of Humbert’s character over the inferred peruser and different style of the novel which are outside to what the peruser may believe the plot to be. Conversely with Nabokov’s initial invasion into the plot of a more seasoned man pulled in to a lot more youthful young lady, Lolita can’t be isolated from the encounters of this man: he attempts to slip off himself shamelessly through his own journal. Does this outcome in an absence of push in plot? Somewhat, yes: the storyteller is conniving; even the setting is eroticised. Notwithstanding, this adds to the effect of the offense which happens and fortifies the plot to the degree that solitary this epitomisation of postmodernist composing can do: the way that the ruination of a little youngster is aestheticised so much is abhorrent and loans further knowledge to the psyche of the hero. Presentation The account voice in Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita should be drawn closer twoly. In the first place, as the account voice of Humbert, as he recounts the tale of his trysts with the youthful Dolores Haze. Furthermore, the authorial voice of Nabokov himself, who embeds himself into the account and meshes parts of his life into parts of the depiction, for example, the etymology. The issue of qualification between the two has been endeavored to be accommodated by parting examination of the content into that of both Nabokov and his hero, as they are treated as independent from one another regarding account, with expectations of accomplishing more noteworthy clearness. This is to be additionally fleshed out in talking about the postmodern plot and why interestingly this issue emerges in dissecting such messages: regularly storytellers inside the class come up short on the all-knowing foreknowledge and good compass of prior writings, which is taken to its normal decision to the extent that Nabokov chooses the pedophile himself, Humbert, to portray his own story. The second issue when moving toward Lolita is another of semantics: where conceivable the character Dolores Haze will be called thusly; while examining perspectives portrayed by Humbert, she will take the nominal name of ‘Lolita’. This follows the show of pundits, for example, Sweeney, who deals with the battle of whether Dolores exists as a character in her own right, as she could never have utilized ‘Lolita’ as a name for herself, or whether she is just a character as observed through the crystal of Humbert’s composition, distinguishing that ‘”Lolita” comes to speak to not the novel’s champion, yet rather her development as a nymphet inside Humbert’s creative mind’. Once more, this exposition endeavors to investigate both of these conceivable outcomes, including the idea that Dolores can’t exist as a full fledged character because of this perspective, further supporting that she is the thing that Humbert paints her as, as he continued looking for a more aesthetic, than ‘real’, diary. Third is the measurement of what comprises plot and what will establish aestheticism in writing. Plot, as characterized by the Oxford English Dictionary, might be believed to be ‘the headliners [… ], considered or introduced as an interrelated grouping; a storyline’. Interestingly, the style of composing is characterized twoly: more comprehensively ‘the quest for, or dedication to, what is lovely or appealing to the faculties, esp. instead of a morally or sanely based standpoint’. The definition additionally noticed that this is explicitly likewise concerning the stylish development, this being, as characterized by Tate, ‘a late nineteenth century development that advocated unadulterated excellence and ‘craftsmanship for the good of workmanship’, stressing the visual and arousing characteristics of workmanship and plan over pragmatic, good or account contemplations’. Setting ‘Huge American Charlotte terrified me’ broadcasts Humbert in Lolita and hereafter Charlotte and America are connected through the descriptive words: both are ‘huge’ and both are startling. This at last distances him from both the nation and the lady, as he is limited by dread of her learning of his longing for Dolores (‘I was unable to say anything to Charlotte regarding the kid without giving myself away’)., Similarly, Ginsberg dodges America with degradation and asks ‘America [… ] when will you remove your garments?’ in the kickoff of Howl. Remove America’s garments Humbert does, he slackens and undresses the severe moderate mentalities of the nation with the idea of his relationship; he asks when it will be available to his advances with a recommendation of sexuality and closeness. This happens not simply in his difficult of each cultural incentive through his purported love of Dolores Haze, yet in addition through the ceaseless compatibility of sexualised setting and sexualised juvenile. The storyteller embodies America, and in practically accurate corresponding with Lolita, endeavors to entice her. The expression ‘squirms and whorls’ while depicting their way across America matches Humbert’s first sexual experience with Lolita, where he accomplishes climax by scouring against her. Humbert says that ‘she squirmed, and wriggled, and tossed her head back’ and the equal between the two employments of ‘squirm’ shows that it is obviously unequivocal for him. Consequently, utilization of this action word to depict the two his excursion and his sexual closeness with Lolita shows how Humbert sees his excursion across America as a type of sexual admittance to the nation. Jonathan Sawday, truth be told, sees that sensual sonnets in seventeenth Century every now and again contrast a triumph of America with that of a lady’s body. Contrast Humbert’s movements with Donne’s renowned Elegy XIX, ‘To his courtesan hitting the hay’, for instance: it appears to be a natural connection with Lolita’s depiction of the excursion to the extent that its lines Permit my meandering hands, and let them go | Before, behind, between, above, beneath. | O my America! my newly discovered land, | My realm, safeliest when with one man monitored, equal the paternalistic yet detached demeanor that the conquester holds over the nation. He along these lines and reliably matches his triumph across America with his sexual victory of Lolita herself; he reflects Lolita in the settings around him, where ‘the [… ] mountains appeared to me to crowd with gasping, scrambling, chuckling, gasping Lolitas who broke down in their cloudiness’. Note the incongruity of utilization of the word ‘murkiness’: obviously this additionally suggests Lolita’s last name, of whom the different cycles of her whole name infest the novel. All the more curiously, anyway is the sexualisation of the setting; Humbert constantly conflates America the nation and Lolita the person. That Humbert sees his excursion as far as debasement and not victory is confirmed when he says: ‘I find myself thinking today that our long excursion had just contaminated with a crooked path of sludge the stunning, trustful, marvelous, tremendous nation’. Monica Manolescu-Oancea contends that ‘the “yearlong ventures” of Humbert and Lolita across the United States work as a methods for enchantment, [… ] driving adrift, which is exactly Humbert’s task’. To these closures, the plot turns out to be more befuddled to the extent that the fixation on the depiction of setting and Lolita as excellent and undifferentiated from and tastefully associated add portrayal which meshes into the novel, yet sabotage the trustworthiness of the storyteller. For a particularly emotional perspective, in any case, there is an incentive in the meticulous manner by which Lolita resounds through settings. Representing Lolita’s gentility and sexuality, Humbert portrays ‘Lolita, not long before our takeoff from Beardsley, [… ] examining visit books and guides, and checking laps and stops with her lipstick!’. Lolita’s stamping of the excursion with a lipstick represents Humbert’s relationship with the excursion being a movement towards ownership over Lolita, explicitly. The excursion keeps on resembling the contaminating of the youthful Dolores: Humbert says that ‘the visit through your thigh, you know, ought not surpass seventeen and a half inches. [… ] We are presently setting out on a long glad excursion’. The arrangement of the ‘visit through’ her body, in juxtaposition with the ‘long glad excursion’ that they will lead, is the epitomisation of Humbert’s way to deal with the triumph of every: he considers Lolita to be America as exchangeable. The sexual can’t be isolated from settings inside Lolita, as they are outlined by Humbert. Sexual symbolism is pervasive in each depiction: it resounds even in his depiction of America to his first spouse as ‘the nation of blushing kids and extraordinary trees’, where ‘ruddy kids’ represents it as a nation which may give and support his sexual longing. This, however the symbolism of the ‘incredible trees’ is frequently connected with sex; for Humbert, this association is more resounding, whose originally sexualised collaboration and characterizing point for his character happens ‘through the obscurity and delicate trees’. This is the unprofitable tryst with Annabel Leigh, hindering his passionate development to the degree that he looks for young ladies, for example, Lolita, to reproduce the ‘delicate’ bond he had with Annabel. Note that ‘delicate’ itself may hint delicacy and youth; accordingly the equal becomes more clear and through this exotic symbolism between the trees, Annabel, and Lolita, there is further knowledge picked up with regards to Humbert’s character. The delicacy of the exact word decision in ‘delicate’ is then made more obv>

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