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In 2021, the White House directed the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development to adopt a rule that all local communities receiving FHA loans must have police forces that are racially proportional to the racial composition of the community. This rule, which went into effect despite a thunderous amount of adverse comments from communities opposed to the rule, resulted in the dismantling and rebuilding of thousands of local police forces around the country. Congress, although initially vehemently opposed to this rule, nevertheless felt compassion for the citizens in the communities with the dismantled police forces and appropriated additional funds for those forces complying with the rule. One member of Congress, Senator Polk of Califoregan, voted against the appropriation spoke out loudly against the FHA rule. Senator Polk filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Califoregan against the FHA rule and the appropriation, claiming that both were beyond the authority of the executive branch and Congress. He was joined in the suit by Victor Alvarez, who lost his job as a lieutenant on the San Francisco police force when he was replaced by an African-American. A motion to dismiss has been filed. How should the district court decide the motion regarding Senator Polk? How should the district court decide the motion regarding Alvarez. Explain, discussing only the basic elements of standing under Article III.
Sample Solution
HP55 grade is usually used for enteric coating, HP55S grade, because of its higher degree of polymerization compared with HP-55, it have greater solution viscosity, greater mechanical strength of the film and HP-50 dissolves at a lower pH value and is therefore appropriate for preparations which are designed to disintegrate in the upper part of the small intestine. Trade name Eudragit S100 HPMCP HP-55 Chemical name Poly (methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate) 1 : 2 [128] Cellulose, 2-hydroxypropyl methyl ether, phthalic acid ester [133] CAS number (25086-15-1 ) [128] ( 9050-31-1 ) [133] pH solubility ⥠7 [128, 129] ⥠5.5 [139] The most common three methods used to prepare the nanoparticles are: (1) dispersion of preformed polymers; (2) direct polymerization of monomers using classical polymerization reactions; and (3) ionic gelation or coacervation of hydrophilic polymers. However, other methods like supercritical fluid technology [140] and particle replication in non-wetting templates (PRINT) [141] can be also used to prepare nanoparticles. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) can be prepared from preformed polymers through several methods such as solvent evaporation, salting-out, dialysis and supercritical fluid technology which involving the rapid expansion of a supercritical solution or rapid expansion of a supercritical solution into a liquid solvent. In contrast, PNPs can be directly synthesized through the polymerization of monomers using a variety of polymerization techniques like mini-emulsion, micro-emulsion, surfactant-free emulsion and interfacial polymerization. The choice of preparation method is made on the basis of a number of factors such as the type of polymeric systems, the area of application, size requirement, and the drug to be loaded. Since, method of preparation mainly affect the properties of produced nanoparticles, it is highly advantageous to have preparation techniques at hand to get PNPs with the required properties for a particular application. The term nanoprecipitation refers to a quite simple processing method for the fabrication of polymeric nanoparticles. The level of interest in nanoprecipitation waned for some decades, and the method regained recognition in the 50âs as a means of preparing colloids for stabilizing pigments [142], as well as industrially important components in paints, lacquers, and other coatings [142], While it had already been reported at least as early as the 1940âs as a way for isolation of purified analytical samples of synthetic polymers , nanoprecipitation regained a heightened level of patent interest in the 1950âs and 60âs this time as a cost effective method for purifying syntheti>
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HP55 grade is usually used for enteric coating, HP55S grade, because of its higher degree of polymerization compared with HP-55, it have greater solution viscosity, greater mechanical strength of the film and HP-50 dissolves at a lower pH value and is therefore appropriate for preparations which are designed to disintegrate in the upper part of the small intestine. Trade name Eudragit S100 HPMCP HP-55 Chemical name Poly (methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate) 1 : 2 [128] Cellulose, 2-hydroxypropyl methyl ether, phthalic acid ester [133] CAS number (25086-15-1 ) [128] ( 9050-31-1 ) [133] pH solubility ⥠7 [128, 129] ⥠5.5 [139] The most common three methods used to prepare the nanoparticles are: (1) dispersion of preformed polymers; (2) direct polymerization of monomers using classical polymerization reactions; and (3) ionic gelation or coacervation of hydrophilic polymers. However, other methods like supercritical fluid technology [140] and particle replication in non-wetting templates (PRINT) [141] can be also used to prepare nanoparticles. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) can be prepared from preformed polymers through several methods such as solvent evaporation, salting-out, dialysis and supercritical fluid technology which involving the rapid expansion of a supercritical solution or rapid expansion of a supercritical solution into a liquid solvent. In contrast, PNPs can be directly synthesized through the polymerization of monomers using a variety of polymerization techniques like mini-emulsion, micro-emulsion, surfactant-free emulsion and interfacial polymerization. The choice of preparation method is made on the basis of a number of factors such as the type of polymeric systems, the area of application, size requirement, and the drug to be loaded. Since, method of preparation mainly affect the properties of produced nanoparticles, it is highly advantageous to have preparation techniques at hand to get PNPs with the required properties for a particular application. The term nanoprecipitation refers to a quite simple processing method for the fabrication of polymeric nanoparticles. The level of interest in nanoprecipitation waned for some decades, and the method regained recognition in the 50âs as a means of preparing colloids for stabilizing pigments [142], as well as industrially important components in paints, lacquers, and other coatings [142], While it had already been reported at least as early as the 1940âs as a way for isolation of purified analytical samples of synthetic polymers , nanoprecipitation regained a heightened level of patent interest in the 1950âs and 60âs this time as a cost effective method for purifying syntheti>
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