Introduction

Alcohol and drug abuse are ranked among the top causes of disease burden globally (Chou et al 2012:407). Exposure to substance abuse results in compounding patterns of social, family and individual dysfunction. Indeed, alcohol and drug abuse contribute greatly to numerous social issues like financial stress, injury to self and others, violence, suicide and disease progression. Substance use and abuse is the main contributor to hospital admissions and Emergency Department (ED) visits annually. Moreover, the burden of substance-abuse problems in the ED is high. Substance abuse presentations increase the danger of inapt treatment, behavioral incidents, readmission and harm to ED staff (Manning, Smith, & Mazerolle, 2013). Substance-abuse patients cost the healthcare system more than other patients. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the impacts of impact of substance abuse on………………..

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