Full Answer Section

• • Systematic analysis: Employing logical reasoning and statistical techniques to analyze data and draw conclusions.
  • Testing hypotheses: Developing and testing hypotheses about social phenomena through research and experimentation.
  • Building theory: Developing generalizable explanations and theories to understand social behavior.

2. According to Harris, what makes academic journal articles different from other types of published material (e.g., book chapters, news articles, etc.)?

Academic journal articles undergo a rigorous peer-review process, where other experts in the field critically evaluate the research methods, findings, and conclusions. This peer review ensures that the research is:

• Methodologically sound: The research methods are appropriate and rigorous, and the data is collected and analyzed accurately.
• Theoretically grounded: The research is grounded in existing theory and contributes to the broader body of knowledge in the field.
• Objectively presented: The findings are presented in a clear, concise, and objective manner, minimizing bias and subjectivity.
• Free from errors: The articles are carefully edited and reviewed for accuracy and clarity before publication.

3. According to Harris, what are some important things you should consider when critiquing how concepts are defined?

• Clarity: Are the concepts clearly and unambiguously defined?
• Precision: Are the definitions specific and avoid vague or ambiguous terms?
• Conceptual clarity: Are the concepts logically consistent and free from internal contradictions?
• Measurability: Are the concepts defined in a way that allows them to be measured and observed empirically?
• Theoretical relevance: Are the definitions consistent with the theoretical framework of the study?

4. According to Harris, what are some important things you should consider when critiquing a study’s research design?

• Validity:
  • Internal validity: Does the study accurately measure the intended variables and establish a causal relationship between the variables of interest?
  • External validity: Can the findings of the study be generalized to other populations or settings?
• Reliability: Are the research methods and measures consistent and reproducible?
• Control: Are there adequate controls in place to minimize the influence of confounding variables?
• Ethical considerations: Were ethical principles, such as informed consent and protection of human subjects, adequately addressed?

5. According to Harris, what are some important things you should consider when critiquing sampling procedures?

• Representativeness: Is the sample representative of the larger population of interest?
• Sample size: Is the sample size sufficiently large to provide adequate statistical power?
• Sampling method: Was the appropriate sampling method used to select participants (e.g., random sampling, stratified sampling)?
• Sampling bias: Were there any potential biases in the sampling process that could affect the representativeness of the sample?

6. According to Allen and Sawhney (2019) and Giblin (2014), how can we define an “organization”?

• Allen and Sawhney (2019): Likely define an organization as a social entity with a defined purpose, structured relationships, and a collective effort to achieve common goals. They may emphasize the importance of coordination, communication, and collaboration among members.
• Giblin (2014): May define an organization as a system of interrelated parts that work together to achieve a common objective. He might highlight the importance of structure, culture, and leadership in shaping organizational behavior.

7. According to Allen and Sawhney (2019), how can we define “management”?

• Allen and Sawhney (2019): Likely define management as the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the activities of an organization to achieve its goals effectively and efficiently. They may emphasize the importance of human resources, decision-making, and the use of resources to achieve organizational objectives.