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The complexity of the criminal justice system and the mediaâs sensationalism of crime can influence attitudes towards criminal justice policy. Citizens and the criminal justice system ranked crime as one of the top three social issues facing America. Ironically, this statistic must have come from some form of survey or data that was collected. Surveys can be used to evaluate the publicâs view on the criminal justice system and crime, itself. Law enforcement agencies can than analyze this data and use it to create criminal justice policies that can improve the crime rate and create a safer environment for their community. Criminal justice policy can be based off on societyâs perception of crime and their influence on legislators to create laws. Survey research has become an important component of the public agency data analystâs toolbox. Survey research has been used to support and analyze policy decisions by criminal justice system administers. Survey research incorporates a method that uses standardized questionnaires or interview to collect data about people, their preferences, their thoughts, and behaviors in a systematic manner. Survey research is perhaps the most frequently used mode of observation in sociology and political science. Surveys are often used in criminal justice research and can be used for descriptive, explanatory, exploratory, and applied research. According to Maxfield & Babbie (2018) surveys are best suited for studies that incorporate individual people as the unit of analysis and are used for other units of analysis such as households, and organizations. According to Bachman & Schutt (2017) surveys have three features that include versatility, efficiency, and generalizability. There are many aspects of surveys that make them versatile. Public agencies that incorporate surveys can ask respondents questions about almost any topic. A well-designed survey can enhance our understanding about almost any social issue. They can measure unobservable data, such as peopleâs preferences, traits, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and factual information. Computer technology can be programmed to ask questions and analyze the data. Surveys can be efficient. When collecting data, it can come from a variety of participants. When public agencyâs study people or phenomena, there is a great deal of variation of what is studied and this can be considered a unit of analysis. The cost of surveys is low and are relatively quick to gather, and analyze the data. Surveys allow for many variables to be measured without increased time or cost. This could even include surveying an entire country. Surveys are easily collected and this can include the postal service, use of email, computer system or the telephone. Surveys allow for sampling from large populations which can allow for generalization. Survey research can permit for a range of social contexts and subgroups to be sampled, and the consistency of relationships can be examined across various subgroups. Surveys may reach populations that are illegal immigrants, victims that may be afraid to speak, and confidentiality. Surveys can be collected in two different broad categories which are questionnaire or interviews. Questionnaire are a research instrument that consists of using a set of questions intended to capture responses from a standardized manner. Interview surveys are a more personalized data collection method than questionnaires, and are conducted by interviewers (Bhattacherjee, 2012). Government agencies routinely use surveys to collect data and publish this data to the general public. This is called published statistics. Examples of published statistics that is used in the criminal justice system is Bureau of Justice Statistics which uses the Nation Crime Victimization Survey, the Administrative Office of United Courts, and The Federal Bureau of Prisons (Maxfield & Babbie, 2018). Criminal Justice administers can use this data to improve policy decisions. I found a study by Roche, et al., (2016) that used a telephone survey to evaluate how forms of media consumption may increase anxiety about crime and support social controls. The samples were collected by a nationally representative random-digit-dialing survey that included adults over the age of eighteen in the United States. The participants were asked about police powers, punitive attitudes, and the measure of media. The study examined the relationship between exposure to television and crime programs and criminal justice attitudes. The authors found a positive relationship between the exposure to traditional forms of media and this exposure created anxiety about victimization and support for harsher crime policies. Internet news exposure is generally not associated with anxieties or support for harsher crime policies. There is evidence of interactive relationship between political ideology and Internet news exposure. Again, these types of surveys can be used by criminal justice administers to be used and support criminal justice policy decisions. Survey research is useful and is a legitimate tool that can help describing the variables that are being explored. Scripture teaches us to pursue the truth. In the Gospel of John, we learn that when we are in the pursuit of truth, Christ is the truth and he leads us to the truth. When we are a follower of Christ and a researcher under Christ, he will sanctify us and lead us to the truth. A sanctified Christian is someone who is daily growing in the word of Christ and growing in the truth of our research. âSanctify them in the truth; your word is truth (John, 17:17, English Standard Version).
References Bachman, R., & Schutt, R. (2017). The practice of research in criminology and criminal justice (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. ISBN: 978150630681. Bhattacherjee, A. (2012). Social science research: Principles, methods and practices. Textbook Collection 3. Global Text Project. Https://scholarcommons.usf/oa_textbooks/3. Maxfield, M. G., & Babbie, E. R. (2018). Research methods for criminal justice and criminology (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. ISBN: 9781337091824. Roche, S., Pickett, J., & Gertz, M. (2015). The scary world of online news? Internet news exposure and public attitudes towards crime and justice. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 32, 215-236. DOI:10.1007/s10940-015-9261-x.
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Text review of this exposition: This page of the article has 2111 words. Download the full form above. The United States is home to probably the most famous and productive chronic executioners ever. Names, for example, Ted Bundy, Gary Ridgeway, and the Zodiac Killer have become easily recognized names because of the awful idea of their violations. One of the most productive chronic executioners in American history is John Wayne Gacy. Nicknamed the Killer Clown as a result of his calling, Gacy assaulted and killed in any event 33 adolescent young men and youngsters somewhere in the range of 1972 and 1978, which is one of the most noteworthy realized casualty tallies. Gacy’s story has become so notable that his violations have been highlighted in mainstream society and TV shows, for example, American Horror Story: Hotel and Criminal Minds. Scientific science has, and keeps on playing, a significant part in the comprehending of the case and distinguishing proof of the people in question. John Wayne Gacy’s set of experiences of sexual and psychological mistreatment was instrumental in arousing agent’s curiosity of him as a suspect. John Wayne Gacy was conceived on March 17, 1942, in Chicago, Illinois. Being the main child out of three kids, Gacy had a stressed relationship with his dad, who drank vigorously and was regularly oppressive towards the whole family (Sullivan and Maiken 48). In 1949, a temporary worker, who was a family companion, would pet Gacy during rides in his truck; in any case, Gacy never uncovered these experiences to his folks because of a paranoid fear of reprisal from his dad (Foreman 54). His dad’s mental maltreatment proceeded into his young grown-up years, and Gacy moved to Las Vegas where he worked quickly in the rescue vehicle administration prior to turning into a morgue orderly (Sullivan and Maiken 50). As a morgue chaperon, Gacy was intensely engaged with the preserving cycle and conceded that one night, he moved into the final resting place of an expired young kid and touched the body (Cahill and Ewing 46). Stunned at himself, Gacy re-visitations of Chicago to live with his family and graduates from Northwestern Business College in 1963, and acknowledges an administration learner position with Nunn-Bush Shoe Company. In 1964, Gacy is moved to Springfield and meets his future spouse, Marlynn Myers. In Springfield, Gacy has his subsequent gay experience when an associate shakily performed oral sex on him (London 11:7). Gacy moves to Waterloo, Iowa, and starts a family with Myers. Nonetheless, after consistently undermining his better half with whores, Gacy submits his originally known rape in 1967 upon Donald Vorhees. In the coming months, Gacy explicitly manhandles a few different young people and is captured and accused of oral homosexuality (Sullivan and Maiken 60). On December 3, 1968, Gacy is indicted and condemned to ten years at the Anamosa State Penitentiary. Gacy turns into a model prisoner at Anamosa and is conceded parole in June of 1970, an only a brief time after his condemning. He had to move to Chicago and live with his mom and watch a 10:00PM check in time. Not exactly a year later, Gacy is accused again of explicitly attacking a high school kid yet the adolescent didn’t show up in court, so the charges were dropped. Gacy was known by numerous individuals in his locale to be an eager volunteer and being dynamic in network legislative issues. His part as “Pogo the Clown” the comedian started in 1975 when Gacy joined a nearby “Happy Joker” jokester club that consistently performed at gathering pledges functions. On January 3, 1972, Gacy submits his first homicide of Timothy McCoy, a 16-year old kid heading out from Michigan to Omaha. Asserting that McCoy went into his room using a kitchen blade, Gacy gets into an actual fight with McCoy prior to cutting him over and over in the chest. In the wake of understanding that McCoy had absentmindedly strolled into the live with the blade while attempting to get ready breakfast, Gacy covers the body in his slither space. Gacy conceded in the meetings following his capture that executing McCoy gave him a “mind-desensitizing climax”, expressing that this homicide was the point at which he “understood demise was a definitive rush” (Cahill and Ewing 349). Right around 2 years after the fact, Gacy submits his second homicide of a unidentified young person. Gacy choked the kid prior to stuffing the body in his storage room prior to covering him (Cahill 349). In 1975, Gacy’s business was developing rapidly and his hunger for youngsters developed with it. Gacy frequently baited youngsters under his work to his home, persuading them to place themselves in cuffs, and assaulting and tormenting them prior to choking them (Cahill 169-170). The majority of Gacy’s killings occurred somewhere in the range of 1976 and 1978, the first of this time occurring in April 1976. A large number of the adolescents that were killed during this time were covered in a creep space under Gacy’s home. For the rest of the killings, Gacy confessed to throwing five bodies off the I-55 scaffold into the Des Plaines River; in any case, just four of the bodies were ever recuperated (Linedecker 152). In December 1978, Gacy meets Robert Jerome Piest, a 15-year old kid working at a drug store and extends to him an employment opportunity at Gacy’s firm. Piest advises his mom regarding this and neglects to restore that night. The Piest family documents a missing individual’s report and the drug specialist advises police that Gacy would doubtlessly be the man that Jerome addressed about a work. When addressed by the police, Gacy denied any contribution in Piest’s vanishing. Notwithstanding, the police were not persuaded, and Gacy’s set of experiences of sexual maltreatment and battery incited the police to look through his home. Among the things found at Gacy’s home were a 1975 secondary school class ring with the initials J.A.S., various driver’s licenses, cuffs, attire that was excessively little for Gacy, and a receipt for the drug store that Piest had worked at. Throughout the following not many days, examiners got different calls and tips about Gacy’s rapes and the strange vanishings of Gacy’s workers. The class ring was in the end followed back to John A. Szyc, one of Gacy’s casualties in 1977. Futhermore, after looking at Gacy’s vehicle, agents found a little group of filaments taking after human hair, which were shipped off the labs for additional examination. That very night, search canines were utilized to distinguish any hint of Piest in Gacy’s vehicle, and one of the canines demonstrated that Piest had, actually, been available in the vehicle. On December 20, 1977, under the pressure of consistent police observation and examination, Gacy admits to more than 30 homicides and advises his legal counselor and companion where the bodies were covered, both in the creep space and the stream. 26 casualties were found in the slither space and 4 in the waterway. Gacy is captured, indicted for 33 homicides, and condemned to death by deadly infusion. He endeavored a madness request however was denied, and was executed on May 10, 1994. There were a few scientific pointers that specialists used to attach Gacy to the killings. A portion of these include fiber investigation, dental and radiology records, utilizing the deterioration cycle of the human body, and facial remaking in recognizing the people in question. Agents discovered strands that looked like human hair in both Gacy’s vehicle and close to the creep space where the bodies were covered. Notwithstanding these hair tests, agents additionally discovered strands that contained hints of Gacy’s blood and semen in a similar zone. Blood having a place with the casualties was found on a portion of the filaments, which would later legitimately attach Gacy to the violations. The filaments in Gacy’s vehicle were dissected by criminological researchers and coordinated Piest’s hair tests. Besides, the hunt canines that established that Piest had been in Gacy’s vehicle demonstrated this by a “passing response”, which told agents that Piest’s dead body had been within Gacy’s vehicle. Out of Gacy’s 33 known casualties, just 25 were ever indisputably recognized. A large number of Gacy’s casualties had comparable actual portrayals and were consequently difficult to recognize by absolutely asking the general population. To distinguish the people in question, examiners went to Betty Pat Gatliff, a pioneer in scientific science and facial recreation. Facial reproduction is the way toward reproducing the facial highlights of a person by utilizing their remaining parts. Certain facial highlights, for example, facial structures, nasal structure, and in general face shape can be helpful in distinguishing a casualty even long in the afterlife. By utilizing these highlights, and with the assistance of program, legal agents can make a picture of an individual’s face, which is instrumental in recognizing casualties after their bodies have rotted. Facial recreation should be possible in a few measurements. Two-dimensional facial reproductions is utilized with skull radiographs and depend on pre-demise photos and data. Be that as it may, this isn’t really ideal on the grounds that cranial highlights are not generally obvious or at the correct scale (Downing). So as to get a sensible and more precise portrayal of the casualty’s face, a craftsman and a scientific anthropologist are generally vital (Downing). Three-dimensional facial recreation is finished by models or high goal, three-dimensional pictures. PC programs can make facial reproductions by controlling filtered photos of the remaining parts and use approximations to reproduce facial highlights. These will in general deliver results that don’t look counterfeit (Reichs and Craig 491). Now and then, examiners will utilize a strategy called superimposition as a method for facial recreation. Shockingly, it’s anything but a normally utilized technique, as it expects agents to have some information about the character of the remaining parts they are managing. By superimposing a photo of a person over the skeletal remaining parts, agents can check whether the facial highlights line up with the anatomical highlights, permitting them to recognize a casualty. On account of John Wayne Gacy’s casualties, specialists had the option to utilize facial reproduction to recognize nine of the bodies found in the slither space. The accompanying realistic shows the facial recon>
Text review of this exposition: This page of the article has 2111 words. Download the full form above. The United States is home to probably the most famous and productive chronic executioners ever. Names, for example, Ted Bundy, Gary Ridgeway, and the Zodiac Killer have become easily recognized names because of the awful idea of their violations. One of the most productive chronic executioners in American history is John Wayne Gacy. Nicknamed the Killer Clown as a result of his calling, Gacy assaulted and killed in any event 33 adolescent young men and youngsters somewhere in the range of 1972 and 1978, which is one of the most noteworthy realized casualty tallies. Gacy’s story has become so notable that his violations have been highlighted in mainstream society and TV shows, for example, American Horror Story: Hotel and Criminal Minds. Scientific science has, and keeps on playing, a significant part in the comprehending of the case and distinguishing proof of the people in question. John Wayne Gacy’s set of experiences of sexual and psychological mistreatment was instrumental in arousing agent’s curiosity of him as a suspect. John Wayne Gacy was conceived on March 17, 1942, in Chicago, Illinois. Being the main child out of three kids, Gacy had a stressed relationship with his dad, who drank vigorously and was regularly oppressive towards the whole family (Sullivan and Maiken 48). In 1949, a temporary worker, who was a family companion, would pet Gacy during rides in his truck; in any case, Gacy never uncovered these experiences to his folks because of a paranoid fear of reprisal from his dad (Foreman 54). His dad’s mental maltreatment proceeded into his young grown-up years, and Gacy moved to Las Vegas where he worked quickly in the rescue vehicle administration prior to turning into a morgue orderly (Sullivan and Maiken 50). As a morgue chaperon, Gacy was intensely engaged with the preserving cycle and conceded that one night, he moved into the final resting place of an expired young kid and touched the body (Cahill and Ewing 46). Stunned at himself, Gacy re-visitations of Chicago to live with his family and graduates from Northwestern Business College in 1963, and acknowledges an administration learner position with Nunn-Bush Shoe Company. In 1964, Gacy is moved to Springfield and meets his future spouse, Marlynn Myers. In Springfield, Gacy has his subsequent gay experience when an associate shakily performed oral sex on him (London 11:7). Gacy moves to Waterloo, Iowa, and starts a family with Myers. Nonetheless, after consistently undermining his better half with whores, Gacy submits his originally known rape in 1967 upon Donald Vorhees. In the coming months, Gacy explicitly manhandles a few different young people and is captured and accused of oral homosexuality (Sullivan and Maiken 60). On December 3, 1968, Gacy is indicted and condemned to ten years at the Anamosa State Penitentiary. Gacy turns into a model prisoner at Anamosa and is conceded parole in June of 1970, an only a brief time after his condemning. He had to move to Chicago and live with his mom and watch a 10:00PM check in time. Not exactly a year later, Gacy is accused again of explicitly attacking a high school kid yet the adolescent didn’t show up in court, so the charges were dropped. Gacy was known by numerous individuals in his locale to be an eager volunteer and being dynamic in network legislative issues. His part as “Pogo the Clown” the comedian started in 1975 when Gacy joined a nearby “Happy Joker” jokester club that consistently performed at gathering pledges functions. On January 3, 1972, Gacy submits his first homicide of Timothy McCoy, a 16-year old kid heading out from Michigan to Omaha. Asserting that McCoy went into his room using a kitchen blade, Gacy gets into an actual fight with McCoy prior to cutting him over and over in the chest. In the wake of understanding that McCoy had absentmindedly strolled into the live with the blade while attempting to get ready breakfast, Gacy covers the body in his slither space. Gacy conceded in the meetings following his capture that executing McCoy gave him a “mind-desensitizing climax”, expressing that this homicide was the point at which he “understood demise was a definitive rush” (Cahill and Ewing 349). Right around 2 years after the fact, Gacy submits his second homicide of a unidentified young person. Gacy choked the kid prior to stuffing the body in his storage room prior to covering him (Cahill 349). In 1975, Gacy’s business was developing rapidly and his hunger for youngsters developed with it. Gacy frequently baited youngsters under his work to his home, persuading them to place themselves in cuffs, and assaulting and tormenting them prior to choking them (Cahill 169-170). The majority of Gacy’s killings occurred somewhere in the range of 1976 and 1978, the first of this time occurring in April 1976. A large number of the adolescents that were killed during this time were covered in a creep space under Gacy’s home. For the rest of the killings, Gacy confessed to throwing five bodies off the I-55 scaffold into the Des Plaines River; in any case, just four of the bodies were ever recuperated (Linedecker 152). In December 1978, Gacy meets Robert Jerome Piest, a 15-year old kid working at a drug store and extends to him an employment opportunity at Gacy’s firm. Piest advises his mom regarding this and neglects to restore that night. The Piest family documents a missing individual’s report and the drug specialist advises police that Gacy would doubtlessly be the man that Jerome addressed about a work. When addressed by the police, Gacy denied any contribution in Piest’s vanishing. Notwithstanding, the police were not persuaded, and Gacy’s set of experiences of sexual maltreatment and battery incited the police to look through his home. Among the things found at Gacy’s home were a 1975 secondary school class ring with the initials J.A.S., various driver’s licenses, cuffs, attire that was excessively little for Gacy, and a receipt for the drug store that Piest had worked at. Throughout the following not many days, examiners got different calls and tips about Gacy’s rapes and the strange vanishings of Gacy’s workers. The class ring was in the end followed back to John A. Szyc, one of Gacy’s casualties in 1977. Futhermore, after looking at Gacy’s vehicle, agents found a little group of filaments taking after human hair, which were shipped off the labs for additional examination. That very night, search canines were utilized to distinguish any hint of Piest in Gacy’s vehicle, and one of the canines demonstrated that Piest had, actually, been available in the vehicle. On December 20, 1977, under the pressure of consistent police observation and examination, Gacy admits to more than 30 homicides and advises his legal counselor and companion where the bodies were covered, both in the creep space and the stream. 26 casualties were found in the slither space and 4 in the waterway. Gacy is captured, indicted for 33 homicides, and condemned to death by deadly infusion. He endeavored a madness request however was denied, and was executed on May 10, 1994. There were a few scientific pointers that specialists used to attach Gacy to the killings. A portion of these include fiber investigation, dental and radiology records, utilizing the deterioration cycle of the human body, and facial remaking in recognizing the people in question. Agents discovered strands that looked like human hair in both Gacy’s vehicle and close to the creep space where the bodies were covered. Notwithstanding these hair tests, agents additionally discovered strands that contained hints of Gacy’s blood and semen in a similar zone. Blood having a place with the casualties was found on a portion of the filaments, which would later legitimately attach Gacy to the violations. The filaments in Gacy’s vehicle were dissected by criminological researchers and coordinated Piest’s hair tests. Besides, the hunt canines that established that Piest had been in Gacy’s vehicle demonstrated this by a “passing response”, which told agents that Piest’s dead body had been within Gacy’s vehicle. Out of Gacy’s 33 known casualties, just 25 were ever indisputably recognized. A large number of Gacy’s casualties had comparable actual portrayals and were consequently difficult to recognize by absolutely asking the general population. To distinguish the people in question, examiners went to Betty Pat Gatliff, a pioneer in scientific science and facial recreation. Facial reproduction is the way toward reproducing the facial highlights of a person by utilizing their remaining parts. Certain facial highlights, for example, facial structures, nasal structure, and in general face shape can be helpful in distinguishing a casualty even long in the afterlife. By utilizing these highlights, and with the assistance of program, legal agents can make a picture of an individual’s face, which is instrumental in recognizing casualties after their bodies have rotted. Facial recreation should be possible in a few measurements. Two-dimensional facial reproductions is utilized with skull radiographs and depend on pre-demise photos and data. Be that as it may, this isn’t really ideal on the grounds that cranial highlights are not generally obvious or at the correct scale (Downing). So as to get a sensible and more precise portrayal of the casualty’s face, a craftsman and a scientific anthropologist are generally vital (Downing). Three-dimensional facial recreation is finished by models or high goal, three-dimensional pictures. PC programs can make facial reproductions by controlling filtered photos of the remaining parts and use approximations to reproduce facial highlights. These will in general deliver results that don’t look counterfeit (Reichs and Craig 491). Now and then, examiners will utilize a strategy called superimposition as a method for facial recreation. Shockingly, it’s anything but a normally utilized technique, as it expects agents to have some information about the character of the remaining parts they are managing. By superimposing a photo of a person over the skeletal remaining parts, agents can check whether the facial highlights line up with the anatomical highlights, permitting them to recognize a casualty. On account of John Wayne Gacy’s casualties, specialists had the option to utilize facial reproduction to recognize nine of the bodies found in the slither space. The accompanying realistic shows the facial recon>
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