A consulting agency has a specialty of supporting global government entities in a public-private partnership to plan and implement infrastructure improvement needs. This consulting agency is evaluating customers to prioritize which countries to target. A major cost on their construction projects is cement, so they researched supplier prices per pound for each quarter over the past several years (attached is this data in an Excel file, select title from 1.4 Course Content to obtain attachment and see assessment rubric):
What are the descriptive statistics for cement prices? (Must use Excel Data Analysis Toolpak.)
Summarize in your own words what happened to cement prices over this time period. Each of the descriptive statistics calculated should be included in this explanation.
Create a scatter plot, line graph, or other chart of the cement prices.
Sample Solution
equipment size. Hence, to overcome this MIMO limitation, the virtual-MIMO (V-MIMO) is presented. The V-MIMO system has been used in various systems such as ultra-wide band (UWB) by Srivastava & Mohan (2016) and wireless networks by Li et al. (2016). V-MIMO is constructed by a number of individual user equipment (UE), where each UE has a single transmitter antenna. Then, the data stream is being transmitted independently either on the same subcarrier or sub-channel. In the uplink transmission, the V-MIMO can be constructed by ensuring the number of receiver antennas should be at least the same as the number of transmitting antennas. The user pairing is one of the important processes in V-MIMO system, in which different users with single-antennas are selected to constitute a V-MIMO. By implementing user pairing, the multi-user diversity can be achieved. However, when more antennas are presented either at transmitter or receiver, less multi-user diversity will occur. Hence, it is essential to have a scheduling criteria when performing user pairing in V-MIMO such as random pairing scheduler (RPS), proportional fair (PF) or round robin (RR) by Chen et al. (2008). The general outline of the V-MIMO is presented in Figure 2.2. Figure 2. 2: General outline of V-MIMO system 2.1 User Grouping or User Pairing User pairing approach has been done by Chao et al. (2007). The Adjustable Determinant Pairing Scheduling (ADPS) is proposed as scheduler criterion when performing the user paring. The proposed scheme is developed to overcome the weakness of traditional algorithm for user paring. ADPS considers fast fading and slow fading, but the traditional algorithm only considers slow fading. Hence, the maximum throughput is difficult to achieve. The authors consider both slow fading and fast fading in their research work. The analysis has been made to compare the proposed algorithm with the random pairing scheduling (RPS) and determinant pairing scheduling (DPS). The random pair scheduling (RPS) has been used in V-MIMO system for pairing user into a group. Basically, the first user is selected by using the pairing algorithm such as round-robin (RR). For the second user selection, this method will select the second users randomly from the remaining set of users. This algorithm can perform the user pairing with lower computational complexity, but it is not fit to maximize the system throughput. For DPS method, this pairing method only takes into account for the fast fading and not for slow fading. Thus, this method cannot achieve higher throughput. An adjustable factor has been introduced in the proposed scheme, where this adjustable factor is used to adjust th>
equipment size. Hence, to overcome this MIMO limitation, the virtual-MIMO (V-MIMO) is presented. The V-MIMO system has been used in various systems such as ultra-wide band (UWB) by Srivastava & Mohan (2016) and wireless networks by Li et al. (2016). V-MIMO is constructed by a number of individual user equipment (UE), where each UE has a single transmitter antenna. Then, the data stream is being transmitted independently either on the same subcarrier or sub-channel. In the uplink transmission, the V-MIMO can be constructed by ensuring the number of receiver antennas should be at least the same as the number of transmitting antennas. The user pairing is one of the important processes in V-MIMO system, in which different users with single-antennas are selected to constitute a V-MIMO. By implementing user pairing, the multi-user diversity can be achieved. However, when more antennas are presented either at transmitter or receiver, less multi-user diversity will occur. Hence, it is essential to have a scheduling criteria when performing user pairing in V-MIMO such as random pairing scheduler (RPS), proportional fair (PF) or round robin (RR) by Chen et al. (2008). The general outline of the V-MIMO is presented in Figure 2.2. Figure 2. 2: General outline of V-MIMO system 2.1 User Grouping or User Pairing User pairing approach has been done by Chao et al. (2007). The Adjustable Determinant Pairing Scheduling (ADPS) is proposed as scheduler criterion when performing the user paring. The proposed scheme is developed to overcome the weakness of traditional algorithm for user paring. ADPS considers fast fading and slow fading, but the traditional algorithm only considers slow fading. Hence, the maximum throughput is difficult to achieve. The authors consider both slow fading and fast fading in their research work. The analysis has been made to compare the proposed algorithm with the random pairing scheduling (RPS) and determinant pairing scheduling (DPS). The random pair scheduling (RPS) has been used in V-MIMO system for pairing user into a group. Basically, the first user is selected by using the pairing algorithm such as round-robin (RR). For the second user selection, this method will select the second users randomly from the remaining set of users. This algorithm can perform the user pairing with lower computational complexity, but it is not fit to maximize the system throughput. For DPS method, this pairing method only takes into account for the fast fading and not for slow fading. Thus, this method cannot achieve higher throughput. An adjustable factor has been introduced in the proposed scheme, where this adjustable factor is used to adjust th>
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