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Which statement best describes natural selection?

It is the process by which populations of living organisms adapt and change.It is the process by which populations of living organisms adapt and change.
It is the movement of genetic material from one population to another.It is the movement of genetic material from one population to another.
It is the differences in the characteristics of individuals of the same species.It is the differences in the characteristics of individuals of the same species.
It is the changes in the characteristics of a species over several generations.It is the changes in the characteristics of a species over several generations.

Which option describes a condition required for natural selection to occur?

transmission of a specific trait from offspring to parent transmission of a specific trait from offspring to parent
production of more offspring than can survive production of more offspring than can survive
absence of variation in the traits absence of variation in the traits
low reproduction rate

How does genetic variation help individuals in a population?

It increases the chances of survival and reproduction in a changing environment.It increases the chances of survival and reproduction in a changing environment.
It increases the chances of finding food and shelter.It increases the chances of finding food and shelter.
It increases the chances of hiding from predators.It increases the chances of hiding from predators.
It increases the chances of mating with superior females of the species.

What best defines the fitness of an organism?

Select all that apply.

ability to avoid predators ability to avoid predators
ability to find prey ability to find prey
ability to resist growth ability to resist growth
ability to reproduce ability to reproduce
ability to survive

A region has rabbits with two different coat colors—brown and white. The white rabbits are easily spotted in the grassy field by a hawk from above.

How will natural selection affect the frequency of the trait in the rabbit population?

Brown-colored rabbits will decrease due to predation and will eventually become extinct .Brown-colored rabbits will decrease due to predation and will eventually become extinct.
White- and brown-colored rabbits will become equal in number due to selective predation. White- and brown-colored rabbits will become equal in number due to selective predation.
White-colored rabbits will increase in number due to lack of predation. White-colored rabbits will increase in number due to lack of predation.
Brown-colored rabbits will increase in number due to lack of predation.

What is biodiversity?

The term describes the variety of life on Earth.The term describes the variety of life on Earth.
The term describes the geographical area where the abiotic and biotic parts work together. The term describes the geographical area where the abiotic and biotic parts work together.
The term describes a group of organisms that have similar characteristics.The term describes a group of organisms that have similar characteristics.
The term describes a living thing that can function on its own.

What defines a mutation?

any change in the number of cells in the body of the organism any change in the number of cells in the body of the organism
any change in the growth and development of the organism any change in the growth and development of the organism
any change in the nucleotide sequence of the genome any change in the nucleotide sequence of the genome
any change in the amino acid sequence of the protein

In North America, apple maggots and hawthorn maggots are commonly observed. The apple-feeding organism developed from the hawthorn-feeding species somewhere between 1800 and 1850 after the introduction of apples in North America. Now both organisms are found in the same area but do not feed on the same food items.

Which type of speciation is present in these organisms?

peripatric peripatric
sympatric sympatric
parapatric parapatric
allopatric

In inbreeding, closely related individuals reproduce, which reduces the overall genetic variation.

What is the likely significance of low genetic variation in a population?

The population cannot produce offspring in the same habitat. The population cannot produce offspring in the same habitat.
The population cannot evolve in response to changing environments. The population cannot evolve in response to changing environments.
The population cannot migrate to other places with the same habitat. The population cannot migrate to other places with the same habitat.
The population can no longer breed independently.

What best defines a genetic disorder?

Select all that apply.

increase in the number of cells in the body increase in the number of cells in the body
mutation in a gene mutation in a gene
abnormality of a chromosome abnormality of a chromosome
alteration in the amino acid sequence alteration in the amino acid sequence
changes in the protein structure

What are the causes of biodiversity loss in a given area?

Select all that apply.

invasive species invasive species
change in climate change in climate
afforestation afforestation
more availability of food more availability of food
habitat fragmentation

What is habitat fragmentation?

The process in which organisms from isolated habitats migrate to a larger habitat. The process in which organisms from isolated habitats migrate to a larger habitat.
The process in which organisms from larger habitats migrate to isolated habitats. The process in which organisms from larger habitats migrate to isolated habitats.
The process in which a larger habitat gets divided into smaller habitats. The process in which a larger habitat gets divided into smaller habitats.
The process in which smaller habitats combine to form a larger habitat.

The red-eyed tree frog is found in the canopy of rainforests throughout Central America, Southern Mexico, and South America. It feeds on flies and moths.

What will reduce the population of this frog?

lack of snakes that feed on the red-eyed frog lack of snakes that feed on the red-eyed frog
consistent climate for a prolonged time consistent climate for a prolonged time
clearing of forest land clearing of forest land
increase in the population of flies

What option best defines invasive species?

an organism that is not native to a particular area an organism that is not native to a particular area
an organism that normally lives in a particular area an organism that normally lives in a particular area
an organism that can reproduce naturally with members of the same species an organism that can reproduce naturally with members of the same species
an organism adapted to a particular set of resources an organism adapted to a particular set of resources

Kudzu is a plant of the pea family that is native to Japan. It was introduced in the United States as a great tool for soil erosion. However, Kudzu is now overtaking and displacing other plants of the southeastern United States such as Sweetshrub, Bee Balm, Big Bluestem, and many more.

Which of these is an invasive species?

Bee Balm Bee Balm
Sweetshrub Sweetshrub
Kudzu Kudzu
Big Bluestem Big Bluestem

The zebra mussel is a species native to Europe that was accidentally introduced to other regions, including the United States.

How has the introduction of this invasive species impacted the ecosystem of the Great lakes?

It increases algal blooms. It increases algal blooms.
It consumes a high amount of carbon dioxide. It consumes a high amount of carbon dioxide.
It decreases the temperature of the water. It decreases the temperature of the water.
It prevents absorption of nutrients by other organisms. It prevents absorption of nutrients by other organisms.

In Seneca lake, plankton are the producers that are consumed by many fish. When the fish die, they are decomposed by bacteria. This process releases vital nutrients into the water for producers. Zebra mussels are an invasive species that also feed on plankton.

What will be the effect of zebra mussels on the food web if they are introduced into Seneca lake?

The number of bacteria in the lake will increase. The number of bacteria in the lake will increase.
The number of nutrients in the lake will decrease. The number of nutrients in the lake will decrease.
The population of plankton in the lake will increase. The population of plankton in the lake will increase.
The population of fish will decrease.

What does it mean to hybridize an organism?

The act of breeding individuals of the same species. The act of breeding individuals of the same species.
The act of breeding individuals in captivity. The act of breeding individuals in captivity.
The act of breeding individuals in a natural habitat. The act of breeding individuals in a natural habitat.
The act of breeding individuals of two different species.

What categorizes a species as endangered?

there are no more members of the species alive in any location of the world there are no more members of the species alive in any location of the world
the number of species increases in one area while decreases in another area the number of species increases in one area while decreases in another area
the species is likely to become extinct either in a specific area or worldwide the species is likely to become extinct either in a specific area or worldwide
the members of species reproduce less in a particular year compared to the previous year

When there are less than 2,500 mature individuals of a species, then that species is classified as endangered. The table shows the list of species and their current numbers in the world.

Species	Number
white rhino	20,000
Cross River gorilla	200-300
fin whale	100,000
brown bear	200,000

Which of these is an endangered species?

fin whale fin whale
white rhino white rhino
Cross River gorilla Cross River gorilla
brown bear brown bear

What is the Endangered Species Act?

It is a program for the isolation of endangered species from their natural habitat and placement into an area where they receive extensive care. It is a program for the isolation of endangered species from their natural habitat and placement into an area where they receive extensive care.
It is a program that prevents the entry of invasive species into an area where they can threaten the endangered species. It is a program that prevents the entry of invasive species into an area where they can threaten the endangered species.
It is a program that includes artificial breeding of endangered species. It is a program that includes artificial breeding of endangered species.
It is a program for the conservation of endangered species and their habitats. It is a program for the conservation of endangered species and their habitats.

What is a gene drive?

It is a genetic engineering technology that prevents the inheritance of maternal genes in the offspring. It is a genetic engineering technology that prevents the inheritance of maternal genes in the offspring.
It is a genetic engineering technology that guarantees the inheritance of a specific gene in the next generation. It is a genetic engineering technology that guarantees the inheritance of a specific gene in the next generation.
It is a genetic engineering technology that prevents the inheritance of paternal genes in the offspring. It is a genetic engineering technology that prevents the inheritance of paternal genes in the offspring.
It is a genetic engineering technology that allows the inheritance of only beneficial genes to the next generation.

What are the potential uses of a gene drive?

Select all that apply.

eliminating the use of pesticides eliminating the use of pesticides
increasing the life span of native species increasing the life span of native species
increasing the resistance in disease-causing agents increasing the resistance in disease-causing agents
eliminating an invasive species

How does a gene drive work?

It increases the number of genes in the parent organism for its expression at large scale. It increases the number of genes in the parent organism for its expression at large scale.
It increases the chances of mutation in the gene to allow the survival of selected organisms. It increases the chances of mutation in the gene to allow the survival of selected organisms.
It increases the chances of a gene being passed on to the next generation by creating an organism that is heterozygous for a desired gene. It increases the chances of a gene being passed on to the next generation by creating an organism that is heterozygous for a desired gene.
It increases the chances of a gene being passed on to the next generation by creating an organism that is homozygous for a desired gene. It increases the chances of a gene being passed on to the next generation by creating an organism that is homozygous for a desired gene.

How are genes inherited in organisms that are diploid?

A set of genes is passed from each parent organism to the resulting offspring. A set of genes is passed from each parent organism to the resulting offspring.
Only one set of genes is passed on to offspring. Only one set of genes is passed on to offspring.
A set of genes is passed from each offspring to the parent organisms .A set of genes is passed from each offspring to the parent organisms.
No sets of genes are passed to offspring.

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