“Spatial Development and Urban Policy”

“Spatial Development and Urban Policy”

The newly established research team in Spatial Development and Urban Policy€ is developing a research agenda in participatory urban governance that studies citizens’ preferences of large-scale urban infrastructure projects via survey research. The realization of large urban infrastructure projects is necessary to achieve long-term planning goals, yet such projects are frequently contested by citizens and they should meet democratic principles such as citizen participation, transparency and legitimacy.

Please use some recent research conducting in ETH Zurich Participatory Urban Governance department (especially with above agenda mentioned)

And if possible, please includes some sentence sounds-like following points are involved.

1) Interest in urban governance, participation and survey research;
2) Good knowledge of quantitative methods as well as an interest in further developing methodological skills. Experience in survey research is an asset.
3) Motivation to pursue an academic career.

“Spatial Development and Urban Policy”

Sample Solution

 

ways in which the same word can be spelt. The vocabulary, in other words, the words or phrases used in  “Spatial Development and Urban Policy” Mauritian Creole is interesting to examine. M.Vaughan investigates the language’s slave roots. According to her, the linguist and folklorist Charles Baissac reports how Creole uses “guetter” (to look for) instead of “regarder” (look). Similarly, “roder” (to prowl) means “chercher” (to search in French). Nouns are also important in Mauritian Creole as they do not change when they are pluralised. As a consequence, whether a noun is singular or plural can only be verified by the context. For example, the word “ban” is put before the noun in order to change the sentence to the plural form, “ban dimoune” meaning those people, whilst “dimoune” on its own would mean people. Even though the French “un/une” is equivalent to the Mauritian “en”, the way in which it can be used is different. In Creole the article “la” is used, however it is placed after the noun it changes. In French you would say, “un chat”, “le chat”, “les chats”, whilst in Mauritian you would say “en chat”, “chats-la”, ban-chats.” Whether or not the pronoun is the subject, object, possessive, male or female, there is only one word which is used to describe these. This word is “li”, which can be used to describe he, she, him, her, it or hers. There are also words which are used in sentences to indicate the ten “Spatial Development and Urban Policy” ses. For past tense, the word “ti” is used before the action, “fin” is used to mark the perfect tense, and “va” for future. The syntax of Mauritian Creole, especially the use of their question words is also interesting to note, which DeGraff explains in his book. The way in which Creole contrasts with both the English and French language is that it does not have a “subject-auxiliary inversion in connection with wh-movement.”(DeGraff P78) For example, if we directly translate the phrase “ki u ule fer dinmen?”, it would be “what you want make tomorrow?”, and in idiomatic English, “what do you want to do tomorrow?”(P78) Another example would be, “kan nu ti fer fet la?”, directly meaning “when we TNS make party DET?”and in idiomatic English, “when did we have the party?”(P78) DeGraff continues to comment that “most question words are created in Mauritian Creole by prefixing ‘ki’ to nouns of time, place, way and so on, which are drawn from the French lexicon.”(DeGraff P78) He then follows on by explaining “such a bio morphemic way of forming wh-words appears to be typical for Creole languages.”(DeGraff P78) On the other hand, while it seems that some structural elements of Mauritia “Spatial Development and Urban Policy” n Creole are typical of creoles in general, it is important to note that Mauritian Creole is not entirely typical of Creole languages. We can take H.Wekker’s opinion on this when he comments that typically “creolization is best described as a gradual process of language formation, involving a period of bilingualism in which substrate features will be transmitted.”(Wekker,H P140) He also discusses about “abrupt creolization”as a way for development when there is “extremely limited access”to the main language, but that this manner of development of a Creole language is “the exception rather than the rule.”(P141) However, we can consider that according to some theorists, Mauritian Creole is a perfect example of this kind of abrupt “Spatial Development and Urban Policy”   creolisation, whereby the language is a “radical creole.” (DeGraff P77). As a matter of fact in Sebba’s book, she discusses how in 1773, it was stated in a newspaper advertisement how a lost slave did not understand the Creole language. This therefore indicates that twenty two years after the slaves were first imported to Mauritius, “an identifiable local language had developed,”(Sebba P142) which caused the slaves difficulty in comprehending. Without a doubt, this means that it can be said that this language is not essentially typical of the Creole languages in general as Mauritian Creole seemed to ha “Spatial Development and Urban Policy” ve developed very qu “Spatial Development and Urban Policy” ickly and not necessarily derived from a pidgin language. Baker and Corne also suggest this in their book, as they believe that Mauritian Creole originated on the island of>

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