4. Discuss some of the methodological approaches that can be used to examine the influence of multiple genes on behavior.Then discuss what transgenic animals are and how they are produced. 5. What is the medial forebrain bundle?Discuss the evidence for and against its involvement in reward.In addition, review the evidence showing that the brain’s dopamine pathways are critically involved in pleasure and reward. 6. What is the monoamine theory of depression?What evidence supports this hypothesis as a cause of affective disorder?It generally takes 2-3 weeks of chronic treatment before an antidepressant begins to have a clinical benefit, yet the drug’s pharmacological effect (for example, its inhibition ofMOA, or reuptake) is immediate.What synaptic mechanisms may underlie this time lag? 7. Critically evaluate the roles of the lateral hypothalamus and ventromedial hypothalamus in hunger and satiety. What other brain sites are known to be involved in eating behavior? Can this be explained in terms of a homeostatic model? What evidence shows that non- homeostatic mechanisms also contribute to feeding? 8. Describe the brain structures and anatomical pathways that make up the extrapyramidal and pyramidal motor systems.What are the main functions of these two systems?What regions in the cerebral cortex are known to be involved in movement?How do these areas contribute to the production of motor behavior? 9. Describe the dorsal and ventral streams. Describe two theories of their functional difference and the evidence on which each theory is based. 10. Describe the main structures of the brain stem, the midbrain, and forebrain, including the basal ganglia, the limbic system and the cerebral cortex.What functions and behaviors are these regions known to control?>