For this paper, the goal is to write about the concepts of reinforcement and punishment, then write about how each effect behavior. You are to include the operational mechanisms of each and how these mechanisms impact behavior.
Baron, A. & Galizio, M. (2005). Positive and negative reinforcement: should the distinction be preserved? The Behavior Analyst, 28, 85-98.
Lerman, D. C., & Vorndran, C. M. (2002). On the status of knowledge for using punishment: Implications for treating behavior disorders. Journal of applied behavior analysis, 35(4), 431-464.
2) Watson and Skinner: Similarities and Differences
For this paper, the goal is to write about the founding fathers of behaviorism, John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner. You are to write about the fundamental principles each of these gentlemen contributed to the science of behaviorism â that is J. B Watsonâs methodological behaviorism and B. F Skinnerâs radical behaviorism. You are to include a comparison, for example what these two men agreed on conceptually and what they disagreed on.
Watson, J. B. (1913). Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It. The Johns Hopkins University, 158-176. Retrieved August 11, 2016.
Schneider, S. M., & Morris, E. K. (1987). A history of the term radical behaviorism: From Watson to Skinner. The Behavior Analyst, 10(1), 27-39.
3) Classical and Operant Theories: Compare and Contrast
For this paper, the goal is to write about the concepts of classical and operant conditioning and learning, and how these concepts are depicted within the framework of the science of behaviorism. You are to include how these theories are similar and how they are different within the behaviorism paradigm.
Catania, A. C., & Laties, V. G. (1999). Pavlov and Skinner: Two lives in science (An introduction to BF Skinner’s âsome responses to the stimulus âPavlovââ). Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 72(3), 455-461. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1999.72-455Links to an external site.
Skinner, B. F. (1937). Two types of conditioned reflex: A reply to Konorski and Miller. The Journal of General Psychology, 16(1), 272-279.
4) Myths, Misconceptions, and Truths about Applied Behavior Analysis
For this paper, the goal is to write about the field of applied behavior analysis and the science of behaviorism that supports it. You are to include four to five misconception or falsehoods about the field. For example, behavior analysis as only synonymous with autism. You are to include the importance of knowing and understanding the misconceptions and how a student of behaviorism would refute the misconceptions.
Becirevic, A. (2014). Ask the experts: how can new students defend behavior analysis from misunderstandings? Behavior Analysis in Practice.
Todd, J. T., & Morris, E. K. (1983). The misrepresentation of behavior analysis in psychology textbooks: misconception and miseducation. The Behavior Analyst, 6, 153â160.
⢠Find more info on how to write a literature review in American Psychological Association (APA) style of writing take a look this website .Links to an external site.
Module 2
Sample Solution
Reinforcement and punishment are both psychological concepts used to shape and modify behavior. Reinforcement is a reward system that encourages desired behaviors, while punishment serves to discourage undesired behaviors.
Positive reinforcement occurs when a desirable behavior is followed by something pleasant such as praise, a treat or extra free time. For example, if a student completes an assignment they may be rewarded with praise or given extra playtime at recess. Negative reinforcement is the oppositeâ it occurs when an unpleasant stimulus (such as taking away privileges) becomes associated with an undesired behavior, leading to its decrease in frequency.
Punishment involves introducing an unpleasant consequence for undesirable behaviorsâ either removing something pleasant (positive punishment) or presenting something negative (negative punishment). Positive punishment could include verbal reprimands or physical punishments like spanking; whereas negative punishment might involve withholding rewardsâlike grounding from video gamesâor placing restrictions on activities. It is important for parents and caretakers to remember that positive reinforcement should always take precedence over punitive measures because it has been proven more effective in shaping positive behaviors in children over the long-term without causing additional distress
ared vision and enhance team spirit among the leadership. Employees often need encouragement and motivation to achieve the goals set by the organization. The CEO is working to achieve motivation through attaching rewards and recognition to job performance. By celebrating achievements together, employees feel they are part of the group and part of something significant which then fosters a sense of belonging. This trait of a transformational leader focuses on inspiration that will lead to increased employee satisfaction. Employees can recognize each other through a kudos program and unit managers recognize employees efforts through presenting truthful, specific, and positive praise at monthly staff meetings. A3: Effects of Current Leadership The current leadership has focused on strengthening the organization by developing employee skills and capabilities. Leadership has laid out a vision that employees can buy into and a strategy with the intent to create a culture of engagement. With this strategy the employees now know where the organization is headed, how it will get there, and their role in helping achieve the vision. Through creating new ideas and prospects and providing the organization with a new path of growth and prosperity, they also promise the improvement of organizational performance and competitive advantage with the hopes of providing motivation, which will lead to more innovation in the organization (Nouri, 673). This has resulted in the formation of interdisciplinary committees to evaluate policy change and improvement, a shared governance model, and the creation of opportunities for growth for the staff to seek promotion and to build leadership skills. The current leadership has had the effect of empowering the staff to make decisions that affect their jobs, giving them the authority to act, and to make them take responsibility for consequences. This has created a culture of leadership on all levels of the organization. There is now a twelve-week leadership-training program that prepares staff to assume leadership roles in the organization. Leadership training programs resulted from the new focus on increased retention through mentoring to decrease the high turnover within the organization. This program has helped the newly promoted leader succeed and gives the mentor satisfaction in seeing the growth in these new supervisors. Employees now feel engaged, creating a more positive atmosphere and the belief that they are part of a strong team. B1: Strengths The hospital has the benefit of having a central location within the city and being easily accessed from all areas within the city limits. In addition, urgent care centers are located throughout the county making the hospital system accessible for those with emergent needs outside of the city limits. The hospital system has the benefit of having the greatest number of remote urgent care locations of the three hospital systems that are present in the area.>
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ared vision and enhance team spirit among the leadership. Employees often need encouragement and motivation to achieve the goals set by the organization. The CEO is working to achieve motivation through attaching rewards and recognition to job performance. By celebrating achievements together, employees feel they are part of the group and part of something significant which then fosters a sense of belonging. This trait of a transformational leader focuses on inspiration that will lead to increased employee satisfaction. Employees can recognize each other through a kudos program and unit managers recognize employees efforts through presenting truthful, specific, and positive praise at monthly staff meetings. A3: Effects of Current Leadership The current leadership has focused on strengthening the organization by developing employee skills and capabilities. Leadership has laid out a vision that employees can buy into and a strategy with the intent to create a culture of engagement. With this strategy the employees now know where the organization is headed, how it will get there, and their role in helping achieve the vision. Through creating new ideas and prospects and providing the organization with a new path of growth and prosperity, they also promise the improvement of organizational performance and competitive advantage with the hopes of providing motivation, which will lead to more innovation in the organization (Nouri, 673). This has resulted in the formation of interdisciplinary committees to evaluate policy change and improvement, a shared governance model, and the creation of opportunities for growth for the staff to seek promotion and to build leadership skills. The current leadership has had the effect of empowering the staff to make decisions that affect their jobs, giving them the authority to act, and to make them take responsibility for consequences. This has created a culture of leadership on all levels of the organization. There is now a twelve-week leadership-training program that prepares staff to assume leadership roles in the organization. Leadership training programs resulted from the new focus on increased retention through mentoring to decrease the high turnover within the organization. This program has helped the newly promoted leader succeed and gives the mentor satisfaction in seeing the growth in these new supervisors. Employees now feel engaged, creating a more positive atmosphere and the belief that they are part of a strong team. B1: Strengths The hospital has the benefit of having a central location within the city and being easily accessed from all areas within the city limits. In addition, urgent care centers are located throughout the county making the hospital system accessible for those with emergent needs outside of the city limits. The hospital system has the benefit of having the greatest number of remote urgent care locations of the three hospital systems that are present in the area.>
