The literary transformation lasted for more than 200 years, until it came to a sudden stop due to the Norman Conquest of 1066 and its aftermath. The Anglo-Saxon territories were over run by the Norman French, descendants from the Vikings. They were lead by William the Conqueror. Not only did the Normans appropriated the Anglo-Saxon lands, they massacred whole Northumbria areas. Those who fled ended up in the Scottish lowlands. Their language mixed with the native language and eventually became the basis of the lowland Scottish tongue. The king of Scotland had peaceful relations with the Normans which granted him land. He was given english speaking servants, whose language had been strongly influenced by Norse. As this English which was influenced by the Norse and the local language mixed, ‘Inglis’, later know as ‘Scottis’ developed. Today the Scottish language is very similar to Old English. The pronunciation of Scottish and English developed in different directions, as Scottish has some words deduced from Old Norse and English has words deduced from Anglo-Saxon dialects. In England, in the south, France had started a war against England which would last about 100 years. After those years, the political and the personal links between the two countries had vanished. The language spoken by higher classes and the government became Norman French. English became the speech of the peasants. The interaction between Old English, Old Norse and Norman French resulted in new pronunciations and grammar. A new language evolved, more suitable to write down.>