Teri goes to see her PCP after feeling depressed last couple of months as well as experiencing a seizure earlier this week. The physician orders a few test, results are shown below:
Low hematocrit
Low levels of Vit B12
Low Oxygen levels
Presence of autoantibodies against the parietal cell
Peripheral blood smear shows abnormal RBC (large pale RBCs)
After viewing the results, Teri is diagnosed with Pernicious Anemia; a condition in which autoantibodies destroys the parietal cells found within the stomach.
Address each of the following regarding Teriâs case:
Since the parietal cell is destroyed, which substance(s) is Teri lacking as a consequence?
What is the correlation between destruction of parietal cells and Vit B12 deficiency?
Due to her condition, Teri lacks Pepsin. Explain why.
If Teri were healthy, explain what her RBCs would look like?
What is hematocrit?
Low oxygen levels stimulate her body to create new RBCs by stimulating which process? Explain that process in depth.
What protein transports oxygen in our body and explain its structure?
What cell secretes antibodies and explain the various functions of antibodies.
What are the different types of antibodies and give two characteristics for each?
Explain the structure of an immunoglobulin.
Sample Solution
on agricultural production. Farming and cropping activity allows Maasai to contribute to the national economy by production for markets which increased the access of habitats of this area to value chain. As the negative impact of farming activity, it can be mentioned the exploitative usage of soil which leads to land degradation. So, the interest of wildlife management who eager to provide nature conversation is offended. The majority of the Maasai remained in the savanna lowlands where Group Ranches (GRs) were created that were based on traditional grazing areas and boundaries drawn to enclose sufficient wet and dry season water and grazing resources. While the ranches have met peoplesâ needs in years of good rainfall, in bad years movement beyond the ranch boundaries remains necessary (Campbell, 1999a). The Maasai accepted the concept of group ranches not to improve resource management and economic conditions, but because they viewed legal title to the land as a means of securing their land from encroachment by immigrant farmers (Campbell, 2005). Thus, Maasai fears that immigrants will be harassed in the sowing area, which will reduce the amount of crops and the final amount of food. As for wildlife managers and enterprises, that the actions were supportive for their sustainability and further development. The tourist industry is one of the most important for the national economic. Tsavo and Amboseli parks are among the most popular in Kenya. Furthermore, opportunities for income from tourism are being promoted by the government and are sought by local entrepreneurs. The subdivision, and the altered authority structure, created some opportunities for the powerful group of Maasai, and other outside actors of the area. And wild-life management has got some benefits through politicians, who sought rights to land with a potential for revenue from tourism. Basically it was in exchange for their political support, and Kenyan Wildlife Service (KWS) has preferred working with younger people because they were considered as having greater support for its wildlife management policies comparing older people.>
on agricultural production. Farming and cropping activity allows Maasai to contribute to the national economy by production for markets which increased the access of habitats of this area to value chain. As the negative impact of farming activity, it can be mentioned the exploitative usage of soil which leads to land degradation. So, the interest of wildlife management who eager to provide nature conversation is offended. The majority of the Maasai remained in the savanna lowlands where Group Ranches (GRs) were created that were based on traditional grazing areas and boundaries drawn to enclose sufficient wet and dry season water and grazing resources. While the ranches have met peoplesâ needs in years of good rainfall, in bad years movement beyond the ranch boundaries remains necessary (Campbell, 1999a). The Maasai accepted the concept of group ranches not to improve resource management and economic conditions, but because they viewed legal title to the land as a means of securing their land from encroachment by immigrant farmers (Campbell, 2005). Thus, Maasai fears that immigrants will be harassed in the sowing area, which will reduce the amount of crops and the final amount of food. As for wildlife managers and enterprises, that the actions were supportive for their sustainability and further development. The tourist industry is one of the most important for the national economic. Tsavo and Amboseli parks are among the most popular in Kenya. Furthermore, opportunities for income from tourism are being promoted by the government and are sought by local entrepreneurs. The subdivision, and the altered authority structure, created some opportunities for the powerful group of Maasai, and other outside actors of the area. And wild-life management has got some benefits through politicians, who sought rights to land with a potential for revenue from tourism. Basically it was in exchange for their political support, and Kenyan Wildlife Service (KWS) has preferred working with younger people because they were considered as having greater support for its wildlife management policies comparing older people.>
