I’m working on a psychology practice test / quiz and need support to help me understand better.

1. In general, if we wish to unlearn what was learned through classical conditioning, it is necessary to

   	a.	increase the number of pairings of the CS with the US.
   	b.	break the association between the US and the reflex.
   	c.	break the association between the CS and the US.
   	d.	convert the reflex into voluntary behavior.

1 points

QUESTION 2

1. In classical conditioning, generalization tends to occur when the stimuli are:

   	a.	similar.
   	b.	very different.
   	c.	exactly the same.
   	d.	in no way alike.

1 points

QUESTION 3

1. Little Harold overcame his fear of water after two bullies had held him under the water. Although he swam the rest of the season without noticeable fear, on the first day of swimming the next summer, he began to cry and said he was scared. What had occurred?

   	a.	generalization
   	b.	spontaneous recovery
   	c.	extinction
   	d.	discrimination

1 points

QUESTION 4

1. The type of learning that involves reasoning, problem solving, language, memory, association of ideas, and other mental processes is

   	a.	behavioral learning
   	b.	cognitive learning
   	c.	social learning
   	d.	cultural learning

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QUESTION 5

1. When you hear that someone has been conditioned, what is being expressed is that he/she is doing something

   	a.	compulsively
   	b.	obsessively
   	c.	by over-learning information
   	d.	by habit or almost automatically

1 points

QUESTION 6

1. The type of learning that entails arriving at mental rules by observing the consequences that follow the behavior of others is termed

   	a.	social learning
   	b.	cognitive learning
   	c.	behavioral learning
   	d.	problem-solving learning

1 points

QUESTION 7

1. When John Watson conditioned fear in Little Albert, the conditioned stimulus was:

   	a.	a white rat.
   	b.	Watson’s instructions to Albert.
   	c.	a loud noise made behind Albert’s head.
   	d.	the crying and trembling shown by Albert.

1 points

QUESTION 8

1. A biological explanation of classical conditioning suggests that the parameters of conditioning will be affected by ____________. A cognitive explanation of classical conditioning is that what is really learned is ________________________.

   	a.	environmental factors; a mental expectancy that the conditioned stimulus will follow.
   	b.	innate predispositions; a mental expectancy that the unconditioned stimulus will follow.
   	c.	continuous reinforcement; wait for the positive reinforcer
   	d.	latent learning; wait for the negative reinforcer

1 points

QUESTION 9

1. In classical conditioning, what is the term for an initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a reflex because it has been paired repeatedly with another stimulus that reliably and naturally elicits that response?

   	a.	unconditioned stimulus
   	b.	aversive stimulus
   	c.	conditioned stimulus
   	d.	conditioned reflex

1 points

QUESTION 10

1. In classical conditioning, the main association occurs between

   	a.	stimuli and stimuli
   	b.	consequences and consequences
   	c.	responses and responses
   	d.	stimuli and consequences

1 points

QUESTION 11

1. In order to extinguish a classically conditioned response, we must repeatedly present the ___________ without the ___________.

   	a.	conditioned response; unconditioned response
   	b.	conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
   	c.	conditioned response; conditioned stimulus
   	d.	unconditioned response; unconditioned stimulus

1 points

QUESTION 12

1. 	a.	exercising techniques.
   	b.	studying techniques.
   	c.	anxiety and fear.
   	d.	mathematical laws.

1 points

QUESTION 13

1. Taylor faces test anxiety. The US (unconditioned stimulus) in this situation was probably

   	a.	the anxiety
   	b.	the test
   	c.	Taylor’s friend Andy
   	d.	failure on previous tests.

1 points

QUESTION 14

1. Which of the following is an example of an unconditioned response?

   	a.	Yvette calling her mother every Sunday afternoon.
   	b.	Josh’s startled reaction when a car backfires.
   	c.	Carole planting a vegetable garden every May.
   	d.	Heather turning up the radio whenever her favorite song is played.

1 points

QUESTION 15

1. Conditioning is important in the formation of

   	a.	habits and skills
   	b.	memories
   	c.	mental associations
   	d.	perceptions

1 points

QUESTION 16

1. The topic of this unit is learning and conditioning. The type of learning covered in the unit is ______________; conditioning refers to ________________. The theory that backs the information in this unit is _______________ theory.

   	a.	cognitive; learning by memorizing; cognitive
   	b.	cognitive learning; learning through socialization; social
   	c.	behavioral learning; learning through association; behavioral
   	d.	behavioral learning; learning through rote memorizing; cognitive

1 points

QUESTION 17

1. Classical conditioning research has indicated that the learning is more efficient when the neutral stimulus is presented:

   	a.	just before the US.
   	b.	at the same time as the US.
   	c.	just after the US.
   	d.	instead of the US.

1 points

QUESTION 18

1. Marie receives chemotherapy for her cancer, and the chemotherapy makes her very nauseous. During her third visit, just the sight of the treatment room made her nauseous. She tried to relax, but she could not help feeling ill even though the nurse had not yet started her treatment that day. In this case, the unconditioned stimulus is the _____________________________.

   	a.	chemotherapy.
   	b.	nausea.
   	c.	sight of the room.
   	d.	uncomfortable feeling Marie had.

1 points

QUESTION 19

1. Before a neutral stimulus is repeateadly paired with an unconditioned stimulus, the neutral stimulus will elicit

   	a.	an unconditioned response
   	b.	a conditioned response
   	c.	a conditioned stimulus
   	d.	No response

1 points

QUESTION 20

1. 	a.	stimulus generalization
   	b.	stimulus discrimination
   	c.	extinction
   	d.	spontaneous recovery

1 points

QUESTION 21

1. In general, what is learned in classical conditioning (and what you should try to remember about classical conditioning) is

   	a.	to emit an operant.
   	b.	to give a reflex to a previously neutral stimulus.
   	c.	to give an unconditioned response to an unconditioined stimulus.
   	d.	to repeat a response when it has been positively reinforced.

1 points

QUESTION 22

1. According to the course notes, three general types of learning are usually described in psychology:

   	a.	memory learning, rote learning, and nmemonic learning
   	b.	information processing, Piagetian learning, and Vygotsky learning
   	c.	passive learning, active learning, and Jungian learning
   	d.	cognitive learning, behavioral learning, social learning

1 points

QUESTION 23

1. Behavioral learning entails

   	a.	learning through reasoning
   	b.	learning through conditioning
   	c.	learning that is based on language
   	d.	learning that is based on perception

1 points

QUESTION 24

1. The classical experiment for classical conditioning was conducted by ___________, who was initially studying digestion. In this reseacher’s conditioning experiment the unconditioned stimulus was paired with _________.

   	a.	Skinner; a loud noise
   	b.	Pavlov; food
   	c.	Pavlov; a bell
   	d.	Watson; food

1 points

QUESTION 25

1. 	a.	the sight of the dentist.
   	b.	the increased heart rate.
   	c.	his fear.
   	d.	the pain of the drilling.

1 points