Compare and contrast the 3 conditions in one of the charts below:
PAIN SYNDROME
Migraine Headaches
Tension Headaches
Meningitis
Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
Clinical Manifestations
OR
NEUROLOGIC SYNDROME
Dementia
Depression
Anxiety
Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
Clinical Manifestations
Part 2:
Choose a pain or neurologic syndrome to explore. You can also choose a diagnosis not listed (that coincides with your advanced practice specialty) as long as it relates to the neurological function.
Present a hypothetical case that includes the following:
Vital information about a person who might be predisposed to this condition (I.e., a person who may have risk factors for this condition).
The pathophysiology of the disease, including clinical manifestations.
Which diagnostic tests youâd recommend and a rationale for the one(s) you choose.
How this condition compares to other differentials.

Sample Answer
Part 1: Neurologic Syndrome Comparison
Condition | Risk Factors | Pathophysiology | Clinical Manifestations |
---|---|---|---|
Dementia | Advanced age, family history, cardiovascular disease, head trauma, lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking, inactivity) | Progressive neurodegeneration, accumulation of abnormal proteins (e.g., amyloid plaques, tau tangles), reduced neurotransmitter function, vascular damage | Memory loss, cognitive decline, impaired judgment, difficulty with language, personality changes, behavioral disturbances (e.g., agitation, wandering) |
Depression | Family history, stressful life events, chronic illness, hormonal imbalances, substance abuse, certain medications | Neurotransmitter imbalances (e.g., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine), abnormal brain activity, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, inflammation | Persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, fatigue, sleep disturbances, changes in appetite, difficulty concentrating, feelings of worthlessness, suicidal thoughts |
Anxiety | Family history, stressful life events, trauma, chronic illness, substance abuse, certain medications, personality traits | Dysregulation of neurotransmitter systems (e.g., GABA, serotonin), overactivity of the amygdala, HPA axis dysregulation, genetic predisposition | Excessive worry, restlessness, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbances, palpitations, sweating, shortness of breath, panic attacks |
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