Molds are often made up of microscopic filaments called hyphae, which together form a web-like growth system that supports the mold, called a mycelium. The appearance of these hyphae can sometimes give clues to identify molds (septate – individual cells are visible due to divisions in the hyphae vs nonseptate – long continuous cells with no apparent divisions).
Examples of septate and nonseptate hyphae
Idenfitication of molds requires observation of these hyphae, of their reproductive asexual spores, and of their spore-forming structures. Asexual spore-forming structures generally fall under two types: conidia – where spores are produced and freely released, or sporangia – where spores are contained in a sac-like head. There is a large amount of variety in how these spores and structures appear under a microscope, and thus is ideal for helping distinguish species. When molds appear on food or decaying matter, the ‘fuzzy’ appearance is a large collection of these structures.
microscopic and macroscopic presentation of fungal asexual spores of a sporangium
As noted previously, some molds can also be dimorphic, and have both yeast and filamentous-like appearance.
Some molds have medical importance not just because of their capacity for disease, but their ability to produce compounds used in treatment of disease. For example, the mold Penicillium is responsible for the production of the antibiotic penicillin. Many other molds are known to also product anti-bacterial compounds.
penicillium culture inhibiting bacterial growth
When needing to study a mold, it is common to use methods that will not distort the shape of the hyphae or spore-forming structures, as well as clearly distinguish fungal structures from other debris. A ‘contact’ slide method is commonly used.
Contact slide method with tape
To properly visualize, mounting dye like lactophenol cotton blue is used. The ethanol in the mixture helps preserve fungal structures, while cotton blue specifically stains chitin found in fungal cell walls. Aspergillus stained with lactophenol cotton blue
Sample Solution
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According to Bishop-Clark (cited by Milheim, 2005) the awareness of the most apparent problems adult students has included their overall discomfort , different orientations towards their professors, having different learning styles and holding hostility between age groups. Personal life barriers, financial responsibilities and different learning styles are known as the wide variety of characteristics in adult learners, compared to a traditional student. However, these barriers can be overcome by the aid of the educational institution and the course tutors, as itâs their responsibility to do so by any means. Thus, resulting in the learner feeling comfortable and welcomed when they return to the classroom. The disadvantage of this journal article is the date it was published. Consequently, 2005 is outdated in terms with the adaptation movements of modern technologies, bearing witness to limited evidence of change. From reviewing these 3 literature pieces, the similarities are evident in that the main concern is not established. Discussion and the development of research questions were created following these to make the main concern confirmedly known. From this discovery, the researchers created an open titled question to ask individuals who they knew were thinking about going back into studying higher education. Method Design research Devised by part of a group created by four researchers, 5 questions were prepared to find out what the main concern was to adult learners who were returning to higher education. All questions were operationalised in the making of the interviews being conducted in the same manner. Moreover, making them internally consistent and valid for ease of direct comparison of the achieved results. While all methods were available, interviews were chosen for use as they are the most effective for opinions to be given, helping create in depth qualitative data being gathered and supported. When gathering information for a study, researchers frequently use questionnaires on the grounds that they are more financially variable, time-productive and simple to assess objectively. Disregarding these advantages, questionnaires have numerous insufficiencies.>
