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What played the greater role in bringing stability to the Early River Valley Civilizations: politics or religion? Provide three examples from the reading using any TWO of civilizations covered in the module (Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China, Nubia).(1)

Part A: Food Labels
Go to your pantry and select a food item at random. Examine the nutrition label and post the amounts of the following nutrients:

Servings
Serving size
Calories
Total Fat (in grams)
Cholesterol
Sodium
Total Carbohydrates
Dietary fiber
Total sugars
Protein
Explain whether you feel this is a healthy food choice or not.

Part B: Foods Without Labels
Based on what you learned in Module 2, which tool or tools would you use if there was not a food label provided. For example, if you were eating in a restaurant.

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Sample Answer

 

 

 

Part 1: Stability in Early River Valley Civilizations: Politics vs. Religion

While both politics and religion played significant roles in the stability of Early River Valley Civilizations, religion arguably held greater sway. Religion provided a unifying worldview, legitimizing political authority and social hierarchies, and fostering a sense of shared purpose that transcended daily concerns. Political structures were often intertwined with religious beliefs, making them mutually reinforcing.

Here are three examples:

  1. Egypt: The Pharaoh was considered a divine ruler, a god-king whose authority was both political and religious. This divine status legitimized his absolute power and ensured social order. Religious beliefs about the afterlife and the importance of maintaining maat (cosmic order) influenced all aspects of Egyptian society, from law and justice to art and architecture. The priesthood held considerable power, often advising the Pharaoh and managing vast temple estates, further intertwining religious and political authority.

  2. Mesopotamia: While Mesopotamian kings were not considered gods, they ruled with divine approval. They were seen as intermediaries between the gods and the people, responsible for maintaining order and justice according to divine principles. Religious institutions, such as temples, played a central role in economic life, controlling land and resources.

Full Answer Section

 

 

 

 

  1. The epic of Gilgamesh, a prominent work of Mesopotamian literature, explores themes of kingship, mortality, and the relationship between humans and the gods, revealing the importance of religion in their worldview.

  2. India: The caste system, a rigid social hierarchy, was deeply rooted in Hindu religious beliefs. The concept of dharma, one’s duty based on their caste, provided a religious justification for social inequality and reinforced the power of the ruling classes. Religious leaders, such as Brahmins, held high social status and often played an important role in political affairs. The interconnectedness of religious and political authority is evident in the ancient Indian texts, such as the Laws of Manu, which combine religious precepts with legal and social rules.

Part A: Food Labels

Let’s imagine I grabbed a can of Progresso Traditional Chicken Noodle Soup. Here’s a sample nutrition label (remember, these values can vary slightly between products):

  • Servings: 2
  • Serving Size: 1 cup (245g)
  • Calories: 140
  • Total Fat: 3g
  • Cholesterol: 15mg
  • Sodium: 890mg
  • Total Carbohydrates: 20g
  • Dietary Fiber: 2g
  • Total Sugars: 2g
  • Protein: 9g

Is this a healthy food choice?

In moderation, this soup can be part of a healthy diet. It’s relatively low in calories and fat, and provides some protein. However, the high sodium content is a major concern. Consuming too much sodium can increase the risk of high blood pressure and other health problems.

Part B: Foods Without Labels

When a food label isn’t available, such as when eating at a restaurant, I would use these tools:

  • MyPlate: This USDA resource provides general guidelines for healthy eating, including portion sizes and food group recommendations. It can help me make informed choices even without specific nutrition information.
  • Online Nutrition Databases: Websites like the USDA FoodData Central or MyFitnessPal allow you to search for the nutritional content of various foods. While not always exact for restaurant meals, they can provide a reasonable estimate.
  • General Nutrition Knowledge: Applying my understanding of healthy eating principles (e.g., choosing lean protein, whole grains, and plenty of fruits and vegetables) can help me make healthier choices.
  • Restaurant Menu Information: Some restaurants provide nutrition information on their menus or online. I would look for this information when available.
  • Asking Questions: Don’t hesitate to ask the server about ingredients, preparation methods, and portion sizes. This can help me make more informed decisions.

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