Describe the main processes of mechanical weathering, and the types of materials that are produced when mechanical weathering predominates
Describe the main processes of chemical weathering, and the products of chemical weathering of minerals such as feldspar, ferromagnesian silicates, and calcite
Explain the type of weathering processes that are likely to have taken place to produce a sand sized sediment deposit
Discuss the relationships between weathering and soil formation and the origins of soil horizons
Explain the geological carbon cycle, and how variations in rates of weathering can lead to climate change
Describe the differences between cobbles, pebbles, sand, silt, and clay
Explain the relationship between clast size and the extent to which clasts can be transported by moving water or by wind
Apply your understanding of the features of sedimentary rocks, including grain characteristics, sedimentary structures, and fossils, to the interpretation of past depositional environments and climates
Explain the importance of and differences between groups, formations, and members
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Sample Answer
Main processes of mechanical weathering and the types of materials that are produced when mechanical weathering predominates
Mechanical weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition. The main processes of mechanical weathering are:
- Frost weathering:Â This process occurs when water freezes and expands in cracks in rocks, causing the rocks to break apart.
- Salt weathering:Â This process occurs when salt crystals form in cracks in rocks and expand as they dry, causing the rocks to break apart.
- Hydraulic action:Â This process occurs when water flow in cracks in rocks causes the rocks to break apart.
- Exfoliation:Â This process occurs when the outer layers of rocks are peeled off by the expansion and contraction of the rocks due to changes in temperature.
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