Select one of the theorists in Chapter 6 of the textbook ( list of theorists below) that you think had the most
influence on the evolution of public administration. Describe who the theorist was and his or her contribution to
the field. Then defend your position.
here’s the list
Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations discusses the optimal organization of a pin factory. This becomes the
most famous and influential statement on the economic rationale of the factory system and the division of labor.
1832 Charles Babbage’s On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures anticipates many of the notions of
the scientific management movement, including “basic principles of management” such as the division of labor.
1855 Daniel C. McCallum, in his annual report as superintendent of the New York and Erie Railroad Company,
states his six basic principles of administration; the first was to use internally generated data for managerial
purposes.
1885 Captain Henry Metcalfe, the manager of an army arsenal, publishes The Cost of Manufactures and the
Administration of Workshops, Public and Private, which asserts that there is a “science of administration” that
is based on principles discoverable by diligent observation.
1886 Henry R. Towne’s paper “The Engineer as an Economist,” read to the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, encourages the scientific management movement.
1903 Frederick W. Taylor publishes Shop Management.
1904 Frank B. and Lillian M. Gilbreth marry; they then proceed to produce many of the pioneering works on
time-and-motion study, scientific management, and applied psychology, as well as 12 children.
1910 Louis D. Brandeis, an associate of Frederick W. Taylor (and later a US Supreme Court justice), coins and
popularizes the term “scientific management” in his Eastern Rate Case testimony before the Interstate
Commerce Commission by arguing that railroad rate increases should be denied because the railroads could
save “a million dollars a day” by applying scientific management methods.
1911 Frederick W. Taylor publishes The Principles of Scientific Management.
1912 Harrington Emerson publishes The Twelve Principles of Efficiency, which put forth an interdependent but
coordinated management system.
1916 In France, Henri Fayol publishes his General and Industrial Management, the first complete theory of
management.
1922 Max Weber’s structural definition of bureaucracy is published posthumously; it uses an “ideal type”
approach to extrapolate from the real world the central core of features that characterizes the most fully
developed form of bureaucratic organization.
1931 James Mooney and Alan Reiley in Onward Industry (republished in 1939 as The Principles of
Organization) show how the newly discovered “principles of organization” have really been known since
ancient times.
1937 Luther Gulick’s “Notes on the Theory of Organization” uses a mnemonic device (POSDCORB) to draw
attention to the functional elements of the work of an executive.

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