Write My Essay We are the most trusted essay writing service. Get the best essays delivered by experienced UK & US essay writers at affordable prices.
We can work on Energy Balance and Equilibrium
1) Make a sketch (graph) of how the planetary albedo of a water-world could vary with its global mean temperature. Label the axes of the graph. 2) Make a sketch (graph) of how much radiation is absorbed by the planet as a result of it’s changing albedo, as a function of its global mean temperature. 3) Find the relationship between the temperature of any object and how much energy it emits. Sketch this relationship as a graph and label the axes properly. 4) Combining the two graphs of energy absorbed and energy emitted and show the equilibrium points of the system. Label the stable and unstable equilibriums. 5) Referring to the energy in/out graph from (4), a) Explain why the ice-house climate state is a stable equilibrium. b) Explain why the hot-house climate state is a stable equilibrium. c) Explain why the third equilibrium point, located in between the hot-house and ice-house states, is an unstable equilibrium. 6) How would increasing the greenhouse gas concentration of the atmosphere change the above graph? What effect would that change have on the equilibrium points? 7) Explain the meaning of ‘Critical Transitions’. 8) What are two important characteristics of critical transitions in complex systems such as the Earth-system?
Irreversibility of Critical Transitions.
1) Referring to your responses to Problem 1. Energy Balance and Equilibrium, construct a trajectory of Earth’s equilibrium temperature values (along vertical axis) vs. CO2 concentrations (horizontal axis) as they increase. Mark the critical temperatures and CO2 concentrations with the labels T+ and C+ respectively. Also use an arrow to indicate the direction of the trajectory. 2) Same as above, but for decreasing CO2 concentrations. Mark the critical temperatures and CO2 concentrations with the labels T- and C-, respectively. Also use an arrow to indicate the direction of the trajectory. (HINT: The + and – values should not be the same) 3) Translate your understanding of (a) and (b) into the context of the present anthropogenic climate change.
Sample Solution
⢠Sealed first price bid: also known as the blind auction, this is a form of auction where all the bidders instantaneously submit their sealed bids in a way that no participant knows the bid of any other bidder. The highest bidder pays the price they submitted. This form of auction is different from the English auction, in that bidders can only submit one bid each. Moreover, since bidders are not allowed to see the bids of other bidders, they cannot change their own prices as a result. This type of bid has been argued to be tactically comparable to the Dutch form of auction. The sealed first-price type of auction is commonly used for tendering for procurement by companies and organisations, particularly for government contracts in Nigeria today. WINNERS CURSE. The winnerâs curse is an occurrence that may happen in common value auctions with high asymmetric information. Furthermore, the winnerâs curse postulates that in a sealed bid auction, the highest bidder will tend to overpay. The winner may overpay or be âcursedâ in one of two ways: 1) The winning bid exceeds the value of the auctioned asset such that the winner is worse off in absolute terms; or 2) The value of the asset is less than the bidder predicted, so the bidder may still have a net gain but will be worse off than expected. However, an actual overpayment will normally occur only if the winner fails to account for the winnerâs curse. The winner of an auction is the bidder who submits the highest bid. Since the auctioned item is worth approximately the same to all buyers, they are distinguished only by their individual assessments of the market value of that particular item. The winner, then, is the bidder making the highest estimate. If we assume that the average bid is accurate, then the highest bidder overvalues the itemâs value. Thus, the auctionâs winner is likely to pay higher for that item. There is often confusion that winnerâs curse applies to the winners of all auctions. However, but when the item is preferred irrespective of its average market value, winnerâs curse does not arise. Similarly there may be occasions when the average bid is too low relative to outside market conditions. For example a scenario where a dealer identifying that an item or commodity is highly marketable in another place when the bidders do not have the nec>
⢠Sealed first price bid: also known as the blind auction, this is a form of auction where all the bidders instantaneously submit their sealed bids in a way that no participant knows the bid of any other bidder. The highest bidder pays the price they submitted. This form of auction is different from the English auction, in that bidders can only submit one bid each. Moreover, since bidders are not allowed to see the bids of other bidders, they cannot change their own prices as a result. This type of bid has been argued to be tactically comparable to the Dutch form of auction. The sealed first-price type of auction is commonly used for tendering for procurement by companies and organisations, particularly for government contracts in Nigeria today. WINNERS CURSE. The winnerâs curse is an occurrence that may happen in common value auctions with high asymmetric information. Furthermore, the winnerâs curse postulates that in a sealed bid auction, the highest bidder will tend to overpay. The winner may overpay or be âcursedâ in one of two ways: 1) The winning bid exceeds the value of the auctioned asset such that the winner is worse off in absolute terms; or 2) The value of the asset is less than the bidder predicted, so the bidder may still have a net gain but will be worse off than expected. However, an actual overpayment will normally occur only if the winner fails to account for the winnerâs curse. The winner of an auction is the bidder who submits the highest bid. Since the auctioned item is worth approximately the same to all buyers, they are distinguished only by their individual assessments of the market value of that particular item. The winner, then, is the bidder making the highest estimate. If we assume that the average bid is accurate, then the highest bidder overvalues the itemâs value. Thus, the auctionâs winner is likely to pay higher for that item. There is often confusion that winnerâs curse applies to the winners of all auctions. However, but when the item is preferred irrespective of its average market value, winnerâs curse does not arise. Similarly there may be occasions when the average bid is too low relative to outside market conditions. For example a scenario where a dealer identifying that an item or commodity is highly marketable in another place when the bidders do not have the nec>
Is this question part of your Assignment?
We can help
Our aim is to help you get A+ grades on your Coursework.
We handle assignments in a multiplicity of subject areas including Admission Essays, General Essays, Case Studies, Coursework, Dissertations, Editing, Research Papers, and Research proposals
