We can work on California’s Proposition

Read over the ballot initiative provided on Ballotpedia. Provide two arguments supporting the proposition and two arguments against the proposition. (We will not give points if you copy/paste from the article or include direct quotes; read over the arguments provided and rephrase them in your own words.)
Assume that without Proposition 16 there is no way for college admissions officers to determine the race of applicants (assume they cannot figure out race by name, country of origin etc.). Suppose that college admissions officers have taste-based discrimination against Asian students. How would you have expected Proposition 16 to affect the admission of Asian students at Sacramento University, if it had passed? Answer the same question under the assumption that instead college admissions officers statistically discriminate in favor of Asian students (that is, they assume that the expected GPA for Asian students is higher than for students of other races). Explain your answers.
Suppose that Sacramento University mechanizes the admissions process by designing an algorithm that predicts which students will have high GPAs using four observable characteristics: SAT score, high school GPA, parents’ highest educational attainment, and native English speaker status. Suppose that each of these factors has a positive impact on expected GPA (i.e. native English speakers have higher average GPAs than non-native speakers, students with parents who have PhDs have higher average GPAs than students with parents who didn’t graduate high school, etc.) Under this system colleges will only admit students who are predicted to have a GPA above a certain threshold. Would you expect the racial composition of Sacramento University to be like that of California?1 Why or why not? Do algorithms always remove racial bias in decision-making processes?

Sample Solution

promote privileged trading and build up intra-regional economic collaboration. Both countries consented to recommend duty concessions for them on about fifty chosen products at six-digit level of HS code according to the agreement, For extra concessions, the demand lists contained almost three hundred commodities at 6 digit level HS code for considering the two countries decided to provide within one month of the confirmation of accord which would outline the foundation for additional trade negotiations and offering tariff concessions. It was said that the preferential exchange under the treaty shall be retained after the Trade Agreement (ECOTA) signed during the second ministerial meeting of commerce minister come into force. Both countries contented to enforce across the board tariff concession of twenty five per cent on the tariffs applicable to products originating from the ECO countries under ECOTA for all the products traded between Turkey and Pakistan, if some difference is noticed in the rates then lower of the two will be implemented. As per accord decided to reduce tariffs and eradicate non-tariff barriers to trade.They also valued the spirit of both governments to augment the echelon of joint trade to approximately $1 billion within a period of two years. It was hoped that there are many possibilities of investment opportunities in the areas of defense industry, food processing and packing, automotive industry and auto-parts, household appliances, construction materials, textiles, leather machinery and finished products, sports goods and surgical instruments etc. Both sides stressed on assessment of opportunities of spreading a regular shipping line between Karachi and Istanbul (Dawn January 23, 2004). Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz Visit Turkey May 2005 On 31 May, 2005 Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz paid a formal trip to Turkey on the request of the Turkish Prime Minister, Mr.Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Both prime ministers witnessed signing of an accord on collaboration in the areas of science and technology by the Law minister and Turkish Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul. Turkish Prime Minister articulated his discontent over the size of trade between the two nations, and hoped to discuss the measures to improve the same. Both countries were also consented to grow air traffic to four flights a week with a longing to bring the number to seven, and also starting direct flights between Istanbul and Karachi. Addressing at special congregation of Turkish businessmen, the Prime Minister invited Turkish businesspersons to focus on Pakistan, which provides an exceptional prospect to investors through its important strategic place and growing economy policy (Haq, 2010). Turkey’s aid during earthquake in 2005:>

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