I’m working on a psychology discussion question and need an explanation to help me understand better.

MUST BE A PAGE AND A HALF LONG!!!!!!!!!!

For this module, you must cite three NON-DSM references. You may cite the APA article, “Reflecting on narcissism.” This will mean that you will need to bring at least one original reference into your post. Please cite it accurately using APA format.

2. This module focused on personality disorders and treatment-induced diagnoses. Answer the following questions:

a. Borderline personality disorder used to be listed on Axis II of the DSM-IV diagnostic system, which categorized these disorders as conditions that are unlikely to change, similar to autism or intellectual disability. They are still considered by many to be, if not “permanent”, and least less plastic than other mental disorders such as adjustment disorder or depression. A client might be diagnosed with one depressive episode but never suffer a recurrence; conventional thinking is that a personality disorder does not remit. How do you reconcile this point of view with the long-term data provided in the article on borderline personality disorder?

b. Examine borderline personality disorder in your DSM-5, as well as the accompanying article. Note that the vast majority of cases of borderline personality disorder are found in women. (Pete Davidson of SNL publicly disclosed his own diagnoses of BPD, which was the first male case I can think of that attracted large-scale public attention). What do you make of this sex difference? Is this a sexist diagnosis? Why or why not? Now, examine anti-social personality disorder, which is overwhelmingly diagnosed in men. Is there significant sex bias in this diagnosis? Why or why not?

c. Borderline personality disorder is not classified as a trauma-related mental disorder such as PTSD. Should it be? Why or why not?

d. Consider narcissistic personality disorder. You were assigned a carefully-worded piece from the American Psychological Association, which was published many years ago (and I recommend this book if you are interested in further looking at this topic (Links to an external site.) ). The APA did their best to be fair, but assume for the moment that narcissism is becoming more common in our society, which is my interpretation of the existing data. At the very beginning of the class, Gary Greenberg opined that mental disorders are essentially identified by the finding that a client has too much of an attribute (e.g., extreme sadness; clinical depression) or not enough (e.g., attention; ADHD). What does a “pathological” level of narcissism mean in a society that rewards narcissism? Should increasing levels of societal narcissism affect how we diagnose narcissistic personality disorder?

https://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/02/narcissism