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Hofstede’s Four Dimensions

• Power Distance
• How much members of a society and organization accept that power is distributed unequally?
• Latin countries and Asian countries tend to be higher on this
• Individualism vs. Collectivism
• Individually oriented countries highlight the individual’s goals while collective countries favor communication and commitment among community
• Less developed countries tend to be more collectively oriented
• Masculinity vs. Femininity
• Culture based on macho values or qualities based on social well being
• Scandinavian countries tilted towards femininity
• Uncertainty avoidance
• How do countries deal with ambiguity?
• Formalized rules recognize greater absolute truths and respect expertise
• Pattern hard to decipher