1. What caused the polarisation between the black and white communities in the 1970s and what did it lead to according to Hall et al. (1978)?

2. According to Hall et al. (1978) what are the main social institutions and structures that can be held responsible for the formation of a racism Britain and why?

3. In the context of the labour market, why are ethnic minorities considered as part of the modern industrial reserve army? What are the negative consequences of considering ethnic minorities in this way and what would be a good way to solve these issues?

4. Hall et al. (1979) explain that the reason why ethnic minorities have started to engage in criminal activities (particularly manifested by the media through muggings) can be connected to their need to become recognised as an entity in need of political representation (as a form of struggle). Do you agree with what they say and why?

Reading for the questions:
Chapter 10 of Hall, S., Critcher, C., Jefferson, T., Clark, J. and Roberts, B. (1978) Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State and Law and Order. London: Macmillan.

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