1. What is the rationale/reason for reproduction, what does it require and what
does it mean for us as humans?
– ie provide a brief overview of the biological basis/rationale for reproduction
2. What are the 3 stages of Normal Pregnancy and how do they relate to foetal
development?
– ie provide a brief overview of normal pregnancy and describe how it links with the
3-stages of prenatal development
3. What are the key structural and functional changes that occur to the maternal
reproductive, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal systems and how do they
impact on the mother?
– ie describe the structural changes to the reproductive organs necessary to support
the developing foetus and what this means for the mother
– ie describe how and why changes occur to the musculoskeletal system and what
this means for the mother
– ie describe the changes that occur to the gastrointestinal system and identify the
key symptoms the mother may experience
4. What are the key adaptations of the cardiovascular system that occur during
pregnancy?
ie consider the following;
– Haemodynamic changes involving;
 blood (ie volume and composition)
 cardiac output
 blood pressure
– Physical changes to the heart
– Changes to maternal coagulation and haemostasis
5. What are the key adaptations of the respiratory system that occur during
pregnancy?
ie consider the following;
– Changes in respiratory function related to;
 mechanical factors
 hormonal factors
 foetal demands
– Lung volume/function related changes
– Acid/base changes
4
6. What are the key adaptations of the renal system that occur during pregnancy?

ie consider the following;
– Structural changes
– Changes in renal haemodynamics
– Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
7. When considering how the maternal body adapts to pregnancy, what are the key
interactions between body systems that you think are most important?
– ie provide an overview describing how the body as a whole compensates during
pregnancy, linking key responses of the different body systems discussed.

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