Programme Edexcel BTEC Levels 4 and 5 Higher Nationals in Health and Social Care (management).
Unit Title: Physiological Principles for Health and Social Care Unit : 12 Date Issued:
September-15
Student Name
St Patrick Student ID No.:

Date of final Submission:
5TH December-15
Edexcel Registration No.:

Unit Leader: Physiology teaching team. Internal Verifier Name:
Physiology Team

Rules and regulations:

Plagiarism is presenting somebody else’s work as your own. It includes: copying information directly from the Web or books without referencing the material; submitting joint coursework as an individual effort; copying another student’s coursework; stealing coursework from another student and submitting it as your own work. Suspected plagiarism will be investigated and if found to have occurred will be dealt with according to the procedures set down by the College. Please see your student handbook for further details of what is / isn’t plagiarism.

Coursework Regulations
1 Submission of coursework must be undertaken according to the relevant procedure – whether online or paper-based. Lecturers will give information as to which procedure must be followed, and details of submission procedures and penalty fees can be obtained from Academic Administration or the general student handbook.
2 All coursework must be submitted to the Academic Admin Office and a receipt must be obtained. Under no circumstances can other College staff accept them. Please check the Academic Admin Office opening hours.
3 Late coursework will be accepted by Academic Admin Office and marked according to the guidelines given in your Student Handbook for this year.
4 If you need an extension (even for one day) for a valid reason, you must request one. Collect a coursework extension request form from the Academic Admin Office. Then take the form to your lecturer, along with evidence to back up your request. The completed form must be accompanied by evidence such as a medical certificate in the event of you being sick. The completed form must then be returned to Academic Admin for processing. This is the only way to get an extension.
5 General guidelines for submission of coursework:
a) All work must be word-processed and must be of “good” standard.
b) Document margins shall not be more than 2.5cm or less than 1.5cm
c) Font size in the range of 11 to 14 points distributed to including headings and body text. Preferred typeface to be of a common standard such as Arial or Times New Roman for the main text.
d) Any computer files generated such as program code (software), graphic files that form part of the course work must be submitted either online with the documentation or on a CD for paper submissions.
e) The copy of the course work submitted may not be returned to you after marking and you are advised to have your personal copy for your reference.
f) All work completed, including any software constructed may not be used for any purpose other than the purpose of intended study without prior written permission from St Patrick’s International College.
To achieve Pass Grade, you must meet each assessment criteria in each Learning outcome.
To achieve Merit Grade you must meet all the pass grade criteria and M1, M2 and M3 descriptor criteria.
To achieve Distinction Grade you must meet all Pass and Merit criteria as well as D1, D2 and D3 descriptor criteria.
Part of M1 merit descriptor includes the requirement to submit your work on time. If you do not submit your work on time without suitable extenuating circumstances then you are capped at a pass.
Also understand that to meet M2 descriptor criteria you must mention appropriate references and valid academic sources for gaining information through the complete assignment. Referencing should be used according to the Harvard referencing system (in text & reference list).

Assignment front sheet
Qualification Unit number and title
HND BTECH Level: 4-5 Unit-12; PHYSIOLOGY
Student name and group number:

Assessor name:

Date issued Completion date Submitted on
Sep-15

Assignment title PHY

Learning Outcome
Learning Outcome Assessment Criteria In this assessment you will have the opportunity to present evidence that shows you are able to: Task no.
Evidence
(Page no)

Learner declaration
I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Student signature: Date:

Learning outcomes
On successful completion of this unit a learner will:
1 Know the structure and functioning of the human body
2 Understand the relationship between body functioning and relevant detailed anatomy and physiology
3 Understand how routine data collected in health and social care informs the planning of care for individuals
4 Be able to relate routine variations in body structure and functioning to care received by individuals.

Unit content:

1 Know the structure and functioning of the human body:

Main anatomical features: gross features eg trunk, limbs, head, abdomen, pelvis; skeleton eg names of limb bones, pelvis, regions of vertebral column, bone groups, principles of joints, support, blood cell functions and calcium reservoir of bone; soft tissues eg contractility of muscle, conductivity of nervous
tissue, structural function of ligaments and tendons, secretory and absorptive function of epithelial tissues; body organs eg heart, liver, kidney, lungs, position and overall functions, key terminology associated with them eg cardiac, hepatic, renal, pulmonary
Body systems: main structures and functions of eg cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory, nervous, endocrine, locomotors, integumentary, sensory, and reproductive.

Functioning: to maintain life (respiration, feeding, excretion); for other activities
(Sensory perception, movement, coordination, reproduction)
Metabolism: chemical nature of body activity, rate at which energy used; changes in metabolic rate eg during exercise, over lifespan
Growth: production of more cells eg during development, in tumours; increased size of cells eg adipose tissue in obesity; tissue turnover/replacement eg in skin, hair, nails; destruction of tissues eg from wear and tear; depletion of tissues eg from disuse, starvation; as increasing complexity (differentiation and specialisation) eg childhood and adolescent development
Interactions: eg in digestion and transport of nutrients, in proprioception (position and balance), pulmonary functioning, excretion, temperature
Regulation

2 Understand the relationship between body functioning and relevant detailed anatomy and physiology
Everyday activities: breathing, eating, excreting, physical activity
Detailed anatomy: selected tissues eg muscle, bone, epithelia; cellular structures as appropriate eg cell membrane, chromosomes
Detailed functioning: physiology eg gaseous exchange in lungs, absorption of nutrients, principle of filtration and selective reabsorption in kidneys, metabolic response to exercise
Regulation of internal activities: regulation of eg body temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, blood sugar, urine output
Coordination: role of endocrine system, role of the autonomic nervous system and links to the central nervous system
Homeostasis: principle of feedback loops to raise or lower relevant parameters
3 Understand how routine data collected in health and social care informs the planning of care for individuals
Measures: as relevant eg visual observation, weight/height, temperature, pulse, respiration rate, blood pressure, food intake, fluid intake, fluid output, indicator tests on urine (eg glucose, protein); recording of measures: correct units, tabulated, charts, graphs, interpretation of records
Information: as relevant to measurement taken eg heart rate, peak flow, over/under weight, hydration, diabetic stability, infection
Accuracy: sources of error, reliability, validity; concept of normal range, hypo and hyper- values
Derived measures: as relevant eg Body Mass Index (BMI), fluid balance, nutritional health (intake against requirement eg energy balance); monitoring (regular recording) variations in measures over time
Care: monitoring course of health/disorder/disease, care planning, care routines, professionals involved, reporting data to professionals, recognising need for emergency responses
Ethical considerations: when taking measures and using data eg individual rights, dignity, privacy

4 Be able to relate routine variations in body structure and functioning to care received by individuals
Age: comparison of structural and functional changes between young adulthood, later life and old age; if appropriate, developmental change during childhood and adolescence
Effects/impact: physical: absence, loss or impaired function of tissues, organs and systems eg incontinence, ataxia; degeneration of structure eg bone in osteoporosis, cartilage in osteoarthritis, pulmonary tissue in emphysema, neural tissue in
Parkinson’s disease
– Psychological: effects eg confidence, cognitive abilities, invasion of privacy
(eg assistance with toileting, bathing)
– Social: effects eg isolation due to hearing loss, loss of mobility, autonomy
Common disorders: as relevant eg diabetes, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune related, pulmonary disease, inherited, congenital, degenerative
Infections: as encountered in eg wounds, respiratory tract, urinary tract; signs and symptoms related to physiology; principles of an immunological response and factors that influence it eg age, nutritional status, immunosuppression from cancer therapy or underlying disease states
Routine care: activities of daily living; general consequences for care or treatment eg by drugs, surgery; infection control; rehabilitation; principles of palliative care.

Outcomes and assessment requirements:
Learning Outcomes Assessment requirements
To achieve each outcome a learner must demonstrate the ability to:
LO1 Know the structure and
Functioning of the human body.

M3, M2, D1 1.1 Outline the main anatomical features of the human body
1.2 Discuss how body systems interact to ensure the body functions and grows
LO2 Understand the relationship between body functioning and relevant detailed anatomy and physiology.

M1, M2, D2 2.1 Explain normal body responses to everyday activities
2.2 Discuss how body responses are explained by cellular and tissue structure and physiology
2.3 Explain how the body coordinates its internal activities
LO3 Understand how routine data collected in health and social care informs the planning of care for individuals.

M1, D2, D3
3.1 Explain the recording and use of routine measures in health and social care
3.2 Assess how routine measures provide information about body functioning
3.3 Examine how information about body functioning may inform care planning for individuals
LO4 Be able to relate routine
Variations in body structure and functioning to care received by individuals.

M3, D1, D3 4.1 Explain how age may affect body structure and functioning
4.2 Assess the impact of common disorders on body structure and functioning
4.3 Relate the effects of common disorders and infection to the care routinely given to individuals affected by them.
M- Merit Criterion; D- Distinction Criterion

*Please see below for Merit and Distinction criteria.
Description of problem to be solved
Task 1 (L.O-1: 1.1, 1.2 and M3, M2, D1).

(1.1) Outline the main anatomical features in each of the body systems with identifying main functions of ANY THREE systems (NS, RS, CVS, US or ES)*;
*NS-Nervous system, RS-Respiratory system, CVS-Cardiovascular system, US-Urinary system, ES-endocrine system).
(1.2) a) Discuss Cellular metabolism and explain how Digestive and Respiratory system interact in cellular metabolism.
b) Discuss function of growth hormone (production of more cells eg during development) which ensure our body to grow.

Deliverables: Learning Outcome 1 (to be met by assessment requirements 1.1 and 1.2)
Merit criterion:
To achieve M3- An appropriate structure and approach has been applied in listing the anatomical features within the body and functions of systems chosen in a concise and accurate way. In 1.2 for M3 give name of anatomical feature in which growth hormone is produced, and which organs it targets.

To achieve M2 you will have to mention appropriate references and valid academic sources for gaining information.

Distinction Criteria:
To achieve D1 you need to arrive a conclusion showing a depth of understanding of the physiological process with clinical significance of growth hormone (excess, deficiency and accompanying problems).

Task 2 (L.O-2: 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and M1, M2, D2).

A 25 year young boy is a full time student. His schedule in college is from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm. During the day:
(2.1) Explain normal body responds to his everyday physical activities
(Any: Mechanism of Breathing, Eating, Excretion and other physical activity –movement, co-ordination ).
(2.2) Discuss how body responses are explained by cellular and tissue structure and physiology (in relation to Breathing: Gaseous Exchange, Eating: absorption of nutrients etc).
(2.3) Explain how his body will coordinate its internal activities: Discuss homeostasis with feedback loops designed to lower or raise relevant parameters (eg: regulation of body temperature OR heart rate OR blood sugar).

Deliverables: Learning Outcome 2 (to be met through assessment requirements 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3)

Merit criterion:
To achieve M1- Effective judgment has been made on the anatomical structure in explaining body responses.
To achieve M2 you will have to mention appropriate references and valid academic sources for gaining information.

Distinction Criteria:
To achieve D2 you have to recognize the clinical importance of interdependence of autonomous nervous system with other system in feedback mechanism.

Task 3 (L.0-3: 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and M1, D2, D3).

A 65yr old man with hypertension develops a chest pain and reports to GP Practice. What routine tests GP could be recommended for him? Discuss in relation to routine measures such as weight/height: BMI, pulse, respiration rate, blood pressure, blood tests, food intake, etc.

(3.1) Explain how routine measures are recorded (ethical consideration: dignity, individual rights and privacy) and what are their uses in health and social care? (Decision making, monitoring the progress and in legal issues)
(3.2)Assess how these (Temp., Pulse, BP, ECG ect) routine measures recorded and provide information about the body functioning of this person.
(3.3) Examine how such information about the body functioning may inform care planning for this person (Hypertension and chest pain).

Deliverables: Learning Outcome 3 (to be met by assessment requirements 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3)
Merit criterion:
To achieve M1- Effective judgement has been made related to the conditions and provided range of routine measures (with values where applicable) in relation to body structure and function.
Distinction criteria:
To achieve D2 – Has recognized the importance of interdependence of the routine test in relation to the given conditions.
To achieve D3- Has demonstrated the ability to understand complex interactions of health issues and decision making how this may effect on the prevention of the conditions for the service user.
Task 4 (L.0-4: 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and M3, D1, D3)

An 85 years old woman living in a care home is a known case of type 2 diabetes. She suffers from arthritis of the knees for the last few years. Recently she had wound on her leg which is not healing well.

(4.1) Explain how her age may have affected her body structure and functioning. (Nervous and Respiratory system).
(4.2) Assess the impacts of the above mentioned conditions on her body structure and functions.
(4.3) Relate the effects of her medical conditions including infection to the routine care.
Deliverables: Learning Outcome 4 (to be met by assessment requirements 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3)

Merit criterion:
To achieve M3 – appropriate structure and approach on the given task have been done.
Distinction Criteria:
To achieve D1- Conclusion have been arrived by analyzing the potential interaction of the conditions and their impact on the patient (signs and symptoms have been discussed in a knowledgeable way demonstrating a deep understanding of the anatomy and physiology involved).
To achieved D3- Has demonstrated the decisions taken on the routine or supportive measures on the each given conditions for further prevention and has justified these decisions showing a wide range of reading and research about the condition.
(Suggested word count for the entire assignment: 4000 words, however there is no restriction on expression on ideas in essay).

In addition to the above PASS criteria, this assignment gives you the opportunity to submit evidence in order to achieve the following MERIT and DISTINCTION grades
Grade Descriptor Indicative characteristic/s Contextualization
M1
Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions

An effective approach to study and research has been applied To achieve M1- Effective judgment has been made on the anatomical structure in explaining body responses (LO-2).
OR
To achieve M1- Effective judgement has been made related to the conditions and provided range of routine measures (with values where applicable) in relation to body structure and function (LO-3).
AND
Has submitted work on time.

M2
Select/design and apply appropriate methods/techniques

A range of sources of information has been used To achieve M2, you will have to cite all references and sources of material used both for in-text citation and reference page.
You will also follow the Harvard referencing style throughout your assignment.
M3
Present and communicate appropriate findings.

Cnt. M3
Coherent, logical development of principles/concept for the intended audience To achieve M3- An appropriate structure and approach has been applied in enlisting the anatomical features, functions and as well in 1.2 (LO-1).
OR
To achieve M3 – appropriate structure and approach on the given task have been done.
(LO4).
AND

Students have shown succinct work by completing the learning outcomes within the suggested word limit.
D1
Use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions
Conclusion arrived at through synthesis of ideas & justified

To achieve D1 you need to arrive a conclusion with clinical significance of growth hormone (excess, deficiency and accompanying problems) (LO-1).
OR
To achieve D1- Conclusion have been arrived by analyzing the given conditions (sign and symptom correctly discussed of the patient’s illness) (LO4).
D2
Take responsibility for managing and organising activities
The importance of interdependence recognized and achieved To achieve D2, you have to recognize the importance of interdependence of autonomous nervous system with other system in feedback mechanism (LO2).
OR

To achieve D2 – Has recognized the importance of interdependence of the routine test in relation to the given conditions (LO-3).

D3
Demonstrate convergent/lateral/ creative thinking
Innovation/Creative thought have been applied To achieve D3- Has demonstrated the decision on the care plan on the given conditions.
(LO-3).
OR
To achieved D3- Has demonstrated the decisions taken on the routine or supportive measures on the each given conditions for further prevention (LO-4).