Challenges Facing Women in the Philippines and Java

  1. How do these accounts describe the primary challenges facing women in the Philippines and Java? Are these challenges the product of colonialism, of local politics and culture, or some combination?
  2. How do these accounts “construct” women? What are the characteristics that the authors ascribe to women, and are these portrayed as biological, cultural, social, or something else? How do these women imagine what it means to be ‘modern,’ and how do they contrast it with the ‘traditions’ they hope to escape or revise?
  3. How do these women connect to the wider world? Are they aware of other struggles for women’s rights, against colonialism, etc.? How do you imagine they are getting information about the wider world?

Sample Solution

Primary Challenges Facing Women in the Philippines and Java

Contemporary Ethnography article Damn, Yo-Who’s That Girl: An Ethnographic Analysis of Masculinity in Drug Robberies, Dr. Randol Contreras (2008) examines the role of women in the commission of drug robberies. The standard practice is for women to use their sexuality to lure drug dealers into a trap. Usually they get them secluded and then the men ambush and rob them. The women are not given an honest cut, and are not viewed as equals with the men. The robbers know that the drug dealer will fall for the bait because he has to prove he is a real “man” by attempting to sleep with the girl. This shows that drug robbers know the stereotypes, take advantage of them, and yet internalize them, all at once. They don’t see the girls as equals, they don’t think they are smart enough to earn a real cut. It is also just as imperative to the notion of understanding the complexities of crime to look at the various factors involved in a person’s social identity. Intersectionality examines crime while taking into account gender, class, and race. It takes into account the various power structures that a person has to deal with, and the combination of these factors gives their “social location”. African American females will face different challenges than African American males or Hispanic females. Wealth will change how someone has to interact with the world around them. These are inescapable facts that must be taken into account when studying crime.>

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