PAPER 2- Pick from ONE of the questions below and answer in essay form.

PAPER 2- Pick from ONE of the questions below and answer in essay form.
TO GET PROPER CREDIT YOU MUST:
1. Name your file: Paper Two Last Name, i.e. Paper Two Jones
2. Put your name on the actual document you are submitting.
3. Write out and answer the question. Check all spelling and grammar in MLA format.
4. Cite all sources, direct quotes or indirect ideas using elliptic giving author AND page numbers, i.e. (Soccio 26). Failure here could result in a 0%!
5. Include a Works Cited page at the end.
6. Make sure you submit the work in Turn It In in a single Word document in doc. or docx. or richtext format.
7. Your essay is to be between 1000-1600 words. Extensive quotes do not count toward this. If you cannot answer a question in these parameters, use another question. Minimum word count DOES NOT insure an excellent grade. Questions and Works Cited do not count towards the word count.
Chapter7 Essay Questions

1. Discuss ways in which kinship and descent help human populations adapt to their environments.
Answer: Answers will vary.

2. Discuss the major similarities and differences between nuclear families, extended families, and descent groups (e.g., lineages and clans).
Answer: Answers will vary.

3. Does the practice of lobola necessarily imply gender inequality? What is the function of lobola, what type of society does it typically occur in, and how does it affect marriage and divorce? How does a dowry differ?
Answer: Answers will vary.

4. Compare endogamy and exogamy. How absolute is the distinction between the two? Use examples to illustrate your argument.
Answer: Answers will vary.

5. Why does lobola stabilize marriages?
Answer: Answers will vary.

6. In what ways has industrialism affected North American family organization?
Answer: Answers will vary.

7. What are some of the general patterns found in the family organization of foragers?
Answer: Answers will vary.

8. What are the six things that Leach argued marriage can accomplish?
Answer: Answers will vary.

9. How does marriage function as a kind of group alliance? What role do lobola and dowries play in creating and maintaining marriage alliances?
Answer: Answers will vary.

10. How does divorce vary cross-culturally? What factors affect the ease (or difficulty) and frequency of divorce?
Answer: Answers will vary.

Chapter 8 Essay Questions

1. Compare two of the following in terms of gender roles and stratification: (a) foraging societies, (b) matrilineal-matrilocal societies, (c) patrilineal-patrilocal societies, (d) agricultural societies, and (e) industrial societies.
Answer: Answers will vary.

2. What is the domestic-public dichotomy? In what kinds of societies is it more pronounced? Less pronounced (or even nonexistent)? How is it related to gender stratification?
Answer: Answers will vary.

3. Are certain sexual preferences more natural than others? Use cross-cultural evidence to substantiate your argument.
Answer: Answers will vary.

4. What is the difference between sex and gender? Why is it important to understand this distinction?
Answer: Answers will vary.

5. What is a matriarchy? Have anthropologists ever encountered one? If so, describe it; if not, describe the closest approximation. How does it compare to a patriarchy?
Answer: Answers will vary.

6. What effects did the advent of food production have on the roles and status of women?
Answer: Answers will vary.

7. What social, political, and economic conditions influence gender stratification and violence against women?
Answer: Answers will vary.

8. How has industrialism affected gender roles and stratification? How and why is poverty becoming feminized?
Answer: Answers will vary.

Chapter 9 Essay Questions

1. How do you explain the universality of religion?
Answer: Answers will vary.

2. Contrast ritual behavior with ordinary behavior. Give examples of religious and secular rituals. What are the main differences between such kinds of ritual?
Answer: Answers will vary.

3. Is religion becoming more or less important in contemporary American society? Why? If you believe that religion is becoming less important, what is replacing it?
Answer: Answers will vary.

4. What is a rite of passage? What three phases ordinarily constitute a rite of passage? Provide at least two different examples to illustrate your answer.
Answer: Answers will vary.

5. Discuss two cases in which religion played an important role in social change.
Answer: Answers will vary.

6. Discuss three ways religion may act as a form of social control. How do leaders mobilize communities and gain support for their policies? Consider the connections between religion and politics in states, both ancient and modern.
Answer: Answers will vary.

Chapter 10 Essay Questions

1. What is the world-system perspective, and why is it important in anthropology?
Answer: Answers will vary.

8. What is the capitalist world economy? When did it originate and what are its features?
Answer: Answers will vary.

2. What are the core, semiperiphery, and periphery? What is their relationship to world capitalism?
Answer: Answers will vary.

3. What was the Industrial Revolution? How did the lives of ordinary working people change as a result of this revolution?
Answer: Answers will vary.

4. How did Marx and Weber’s views on stratification differ?
Answer: Answers will vary.

5. What is the difference between colonialism and imperialism? What effects do they have on cultural and ethnic diversity?
Answer: Answers will vary.

6. What were some of the major differences between British and French colonial policies?
Answer: Answers will vary.

7. What are some lasting effects of colonialism in the world today? How have ethnic, political, and religious identities been altered by colonialism?
Answer: Answers will vary.

Chapter 11 Essay Questions

1. What effects did colonialism and colonial nation-building have on “imagined communities” (e.g., ethnic groups, nationalities)? Illustrate your answer with specific examples.
Answer: Answers will vary.

2. Explain the notion of “imagined community.”
Answer: Answers will vary.

3. What is discrimination? Explain the differences between de facto and de jure discrimination, and give examples of each.
Answer: Answers will vary.

4. What are the major differences between Brazilian and American systems of racial classification?
Answer: Answers will vary.

5. What is hypodescent? Does it exist in every human society?
Answer: Answers will vary.

6. What is the difference between assimilationism and multiculturalism? How does each affect minority ethnic groups?
Answer: Answers will vary.

7. What is a “plural society”? According to Barth, what conditions contribute to the stability and endurance of ethnic boundaries?
Answer: Answers will vary.

8. What is identity shifting? What are the differences between identities that may be situationally negotiated and those that cannot? Give specific examples of both.
Answer: Answers will vary.

Chapter 12 Essay Questions

1. What does it mean to say that an economic development project is culturally compatible? What are the advantages of ensuring that projects are culturally compatible?
Answer: Answers will vary.

2. What is the fallacy of underdifferentiation? What are some possible alternatives to it?
Answer: Answers will vary.

3. What is overinnovation, and why can it undermine development projects?
Answer: Answers will vary.

4. Human societies are becoming increasingly urban. What are (or will be) some of the effects of increased urbanization? Where are these effects most pronounced? What contributions can applied anthropologists make to urban planning?
Answer: Answers will vary.

5. Discuss the reasons why many anthropologists have turned from academic to applied work.
Answer: Answers will vary.

6. Discuss ways in which anthropology is relevant to business.
Answer: Answers will vary.

7. How might a premedical student apply some of the knowledge learned in anthropology courses as a physician?
Answer: Answers will vary.

8. Indicate your career plans, if known, and describe how you might apply the knowledge you learned in an introductory anthropology course in your future vocation. If you have not yet chosen a career, pick one of the following: economist, engineer, diplomat, architect, or elementary schoolteacher. Why is it important to understand the culture and social organization of the people who will be affected by your work?
Answer: Answers will vary.

9. Discuss the major advantages and disadvantages of scientific medicine and other health care systems (be careful to distinguish between scientific medicine and Western medicine per se).
Answer: Answers will vary.

10. There is considerable debate today over whether governments should or should not require schools to provide bilingual education for students, and if so, how this could best be accomplished. Pretend you are an anthropologist that a school board in a bilingual community has asked to provide some guidance on this issue. What might you tell the school board about the relationships between students’ social, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds and their potential for success in school?
Answer: Answers will vary.

11. What is the relationship between theory and practice in anthropology? Do you agree that applied anthropology should be recognized as a separate subdiscipline? How is it different from the traditional subfields of anthropology?
Answer: Answers will vary.

12. What are some of the things that applied anthropologists in each of the four subdisciplines do? What types of settings do they work in, with whom do they collaborate, and on what issues do they focus?
Answer: Answers will vary.

Chapter 13 Essay Questions

1. Discuss why the term indigenous people has great political weight. What have indigenous movements in Latin America emphasized in their drive for self-determination?
Answer: Answers will vary.

2. Explain the difference between acculturation and indigenization, citing examples of each.
Answer: Answers will vary.

3. What is the difference between postmodernity and postmodernism? How has postmodernity affected the focus of anthropological study?
Answer: Answers will vary.

4. What are some of the arguments for and against the interpretation of mass media as forms of cultural imperialism?
Answer: Answers will vary.

5. What strategies can help ensure that economic development and environmentalism benefit, rather than endanger, local communities?
Answer: Answers will vary.

6. Discuss the evidence for climate change and the specific evidence that climate change is at least partially human driven. What human factors influence climate change?
Answer: Answers will vary.

7. What are the causes and effects of deforestation? How does deforestation tie into climate change? What was the traditional approach to combating deforestation and what strategies are more likely to be effective?
Answer: Answers will vary.

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