How and why did ancient civilisations rise and fall in Mesopotamia & Egypt?

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How and why did ancient civilisations rise and fall in Mesopotamia & Egypt?

Please use the following references:
Mesopotamia & Invaders: Roberts & Westad, 2014, Bk2 , ch.2, pp .51-67, Bk2 , ch. 4, pp 88-111.
Egypt & transformations: Roberts & Westad, 2014, Bk2 , ch.1, pp .41-50, Bk2 , ch 3 pp 68-87, Bk2, ch.8. pp 154-159.

Richardson, Seth, “Early Mesopotamia: The presumptive state.” Past and Present, 215 (1) 2012, pp 3-49. URL: https://past.oxfordjournals.org/content/215/1/3

A1.4: Thompson, Jason, “History of Egypt: From earliest times to the present.” American University in Cairo, Cairo, ch 1-6. Available online via UniSA library: URL: https://search.library.unisa.edu.au/record/UNISA_ALMA5192179130001831

A1.5: Chadwick, Robert Alan, First Civilizations Ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. 2nd edition, Equinox Publishing Ltd, London. Available online via UniSA library: URL: https://site.ebrary.com/lib/unisaau/detail.action?docID=10386867