Hispanic or Latino

Instructions:-

Hispanic or Latino

 Analyze the health status of a specific minority group. Select a minority group that is represented in the United States (examples include: American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian American, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander.)
In an essay of 750-1,000 words, compare and contrast the health status of the minority group you have selected to the national average. Consider the cultural, socioeconomic, and sociopolitical barriers to health. How do race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and education influence health for the minority group you have selected? Address the following in your essay:
1. What is the current health status of this minority group?
2. How is health promotion defined by the group?
3. What health disparities exist for this group?
Describe at least one approach using the three levels of health promotion prevention (primary, secondary, and tertiary) that is likely to be the most effective given the unique needs of the minority group you have selected. Provide an explanation of why it might be the most effective choice. Cite a minimum of three references in the paper.
You will find important health information regarding minority groups by exploring the following Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) links:
1. Minority Health: https://www.cdc.gov/minorityhealth/index.html
2. Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations: https://www.cdc.gov/minorityhealth/populations/remp.html
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

Solution

Health Promotion Among Diversity

People use the terms Hispanic and Latino interchangeably and it is recognized and accepted by most as one and the same thing. But in actuality, to be Hispanic means you are from a Spanish speaking country, whereas to be Latin means that you come from a country in Latin America that not the language spoken in your country is Spanish. For example, Portuguese is spoken in Brazil, English in Guyana, and French in French Guiana, Suriname, Belize are all non-Spanish speaking countries in Central and South America. Most Hispanics and Latinos migrate to the United States of America in search of a better life for themselves and their loved ones. They amount to 17% of the total U.S. population and is said to double in 40 years (2015, May 5). Many have a difficult time adjusting to the new culture and at times fare better than those who acclimate and take on the trends of the American culture. This paper will discuss the health status of Hispanics and Latinos, the health disparities that exist within this group, and describe different health promotion approaches, that are likely to be most effective given the unique needs of this particular group.

ANSWERS

Health status and barriers

Having a different culture and a different way of living, Hispanics and Latinos have certain advantages and disadvantages in the American life. Many view health as a sing of good luck and being a good person in society. A good appetite means you are healthy. Being sick is not always due to bad habits, rather a hex put on by another or simply someone wished ill on you due to envious thoughts. Reliance on home remedies passed from generation to generation, or a friend of a friend’s recommendation for a certain remedy is revered in this community. For example, drinking blended raw oats with lime juice and honey will lower cholesterol if taken every morning.

There are stigmas toward certain diseases and illnesses. A man having sex with another man has a higher risk of acquiring the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). He may suspect having HIV but will not seeking care until the last minute or talk about it due to fear of being ostracized (2015, May 5). Due to this, a greater number of people in this group are living with HIV than some other races/ethnicities.

The habit of eating healthier foods with more consistency, and lower rates of smoking, has put this group at an advantage over their American counterparts. Hispanics and Latinos have longer lives and have less chronic conditions. Sadly, as acculturation takes place their health advantage decreases.

They die from cancer at a higher rate than Americans. Most are due to infections turned into cancer and cancers being discovered at a point where treatment is futile.

Being undocumented puts extra stress on needing medical attention and compliance with disease prevention through vaccination. Another reason for not seeking appropriate care when needed is the lack of insurance between the Hispanic and Latino group, where only 29.1% actually have health insurance. A large part of adults in this group did not achieve a high school diploma and live below the poverty level. As a result, they are forced to work high-risk jobs for small companies that do not offer health care as compared to Americans. Contact with authority is avoided due to fear of their status in the country being discovered and reported, resulting in deportation and leaving children behind with strangers.

Health promotion

Leaving the beloved place of birth is very difficult and in some the desire to go back to their country never goes away. While many assimilate to the American culture, staying in touch with their roots by watching Spanish television, listening to Spanish radio, and finding restaurants that serve their particular foods among other things is very important in maintaining their culture and customs. Knowing these intricacies about this group of people will facilitate the better understanding the nurse will need when helping these patients.

Most Hispanics and Latinos that come to the U.S.A. are from limited means and being economical is a must. They will shy away from expensive treatments and medicine, and simply find an alternative. For example, expensive prescriptions can be acquired in Mexico without prescriptions and for a lot less. If unable to get the same one, they will opt for something recommended as similar.

Most come from big families and high merit is placed on the opinions and suggestions of family and friends, and not following through on advice might be seen as disrespectful.

62.7% of Hispanics/Latinos are 34 years of age and younger

special attraction to television and radio. These are proven, effective channels in targeting

Primary prevention is largely the responsibility of the healthcare consumer. Sec- ondary prevention requires both the guidance of the healthcare provider and the compliance of the consumer. Tertiary prevention remains a goal of both healthcare providers and caregivers. http://www.jblearning.com/samples/0763741477/Alexander%204e%20Chapter%203.pdf

Being Hispanic or Latino is an important

The Spanish language is one of the most important aspects of being Hispanic or Latino, as it is part of a cultural identity. When communicating and establishing a relationship with a patient, it is important to assess if they prefer information in English, Spanish, or both (“Building Our Understanding: Culture Insights Communicating with Hispanic/Latinos”).

When using the levels of prevention with this group of people, videos, pamphlets, and other forms of learning offered in their preferred language would be better understood. Include family members in the learning process and decision-making, as long as it is all right with the patient, as they will support the patient and facilitate the change that needs to happen for a better outcome. Encourage exercise be done as a family activity.

To address the high percentage of cancers from infection and cancers at late stages, teaching early signs and symptoms and rapidly seeking care that will be given without repercussions due to legal status is a must. Hospitals and clinics that advertise on Spanish speaking television should state in their commercials that no matter the legal status of someone who is sick, they would be seen. Spanish speaking nurses and doctors can go on the most popular local radio station and answer medical related questions, which would give anonymity to the undocumented. Inform about existing free clinics that charge based on income and do not require identification, and where to get free screenings, immunizations, and many other services regardless of status (“Free Clinics for the Uninsured | The Institute”). Refer to a reputable Facebook page or post about ways of preventing and maintaining a specific disease. Financial rewards as incentives might work for any level of prevention. For every goal they meet a $10 gift card could be given and appreciated. Frequent weekend appointments or home health care for those who already have and irreversible disease or a disability.

The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is an example and can be applied to this group. It incorporates readiness to take action, the benefits and detractors from making a change, the person’s confidence in changing, and the cognitive, affective, and behavioral activities facilitating change. It acknowledges that individuals may not be able to meet their goals on the first try to make lifelong changes, therefore setbacks are allowed (Edelman, 2014).

Tertiary prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. The process involves minimizing the effects of disease and disability by surveillance and maintenance activities aimed at preventing complications and deterioration. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation to help people attain and retain an optimal level of functioning regardless of their disabling condition. The objective is to return the affected individual to a useful place in society, maximize remaining capacities, or both. The responsibility of the nurse is to ensure that persons with disabilities receive services that enable them to live and work according to the resources that are still available to them. When a person has a stroke, rehabilitating this individual to the highest level of functioning and teaching lifestyle changes to prevent future strokes are examples of tertiary prevention

Currently there are areas of the United States where the Hispanic population is larger than any other population group. By the year 2050, it is predicted that the majority of people in the United States will not be of White European descent

Within the three levels of prevention, there are five steps. These steps include health promotion and specific protection (primary prevention); early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and disability limitation (secondary prevention); and restoration and rehabilitation (tertiary prevention).

primary prevention is therapeutic in that it includes health as beneficial to well-being, it uses therapeutic treatments, and, as a process or behavior towards enhancing health, it involves symptom identification when teaching stress reduction techniques. Primary prevention intervention includes health promotion, such as health education about risk factors for heart disease, and specific protection, such as immunization against hepatitis B. Its purpose is to decrease the vulnerability of the individual or population to disease or dysfunction. Interventions at this level encourage individuals and groups to become more aware of the means of improving health and the actions they can take at the primary preventive health level and the optimal health level

Health promotion holds the best promise for lower-cost methods of limiting the constant increase in health care costs and for empowering people to be responsible for the aspects of their lives that can enhance well-being

Individuals, families, and communities must be active participants in this process so that the actions taken are socially relevant, economically feasible, and supportive of changes at the individual level.

Active strategies depend on the individual becoming personally involved in adopting a proposed program of health promotion

Secondary prevention ranges from providing screening activities and treating early stages of disease to limiting disability by averting or delaying the consequences of advanced disease. Screening is secondary prevention because the principal goal is to identify individuals in an early, detectable stage of the disease process. applied to a person or population with an existing disease. Modifications to the teaching plan must be made based on the individual’s current health status and ability to modify behavior….the asset planning

(Edelman, 2014)

Edelman, C., Kudzma, E., Mandle, C.  (2014). Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 8th Edition [VitalSource Bookshelf version].  Retrieved from http://pageburstls.elsevier.com/books/978-0-323-09141-1

support of the family was enlisted to reinforce the changes Frank

The social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These circumstances are shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels. The social determinants of health are mostly responsible for health inequities – the unfair and avoidable differences in health status seen within and between countries.

The global context affects how societies prosper through its impact on international relations and domestic norms and policies. These in turn shape the way society, both at national and local level, organizes its affairs, giving rise to forms of social position and hierarchy, whereby populations are organized according to income, education, occupation, gender, race/ethnicity and other factors. Where people are in the social hierarchy affects the conditions in which they grow, learn, live, work and age, their vulnerability to ill health and the consequences of ill health.

 

http://www.who.int/social_determinants/thecommission/finalreport/key_concepts/en/

 

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