Clearly explain the problem/question to which you are responding – (In other words identify and explain the argument from the text – focus on just a few pages or even a few paragraphs from the text rather than attempting to respond to all of it. This will help focus your paper) (1 paragraph) 2.Explain the claim that you are making in response to the problem/question – (In other words – how do you respond to the claim that the ethicist is making? Is his or her argument correct/incorrect? If you generally agree with the ethicist you must offer some new thinking on the subject or offer some extension of the argument. If you disagree with the ethicist your job is to uncover the shortcomings of his or her argument) (1 paragraph) 3.Offer a brief sketch of the argument that you plan to develop in your paper – (In other words – how do you plan to support your counter-claim in response to the reading? (1 paragraph) 4.Offer any shortcomings or threats to the argument that you plan to develop – (In other words where are the perceived weaknesses in your position?) (1 paragraph)